SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Question 1

What was the aim of Zimbardo’s prison experiment?

Answer 1

To find out if USA prison guards were behaving brutally because of personality or the situation.

Question 2

How did Zimbardo conduct his experiment? (procedure)

Answer 2

mock prison set up in stanford university, advertised for student volunteers, randomly assigned roles (guard or prisoner), he took arrested the prisoners in their own home and took them to prison. prisoners got uniformed, deloused, striped searched and numbered. Guards got uniform, clubs, handcuffs and keys.

Question 3

What were prisoners given in zimbardos prison experiment?

Answer 3

Blind folded, deloused, strip searched, uniformed and numbered.

Question 4

What were the guards given in zimbardos prison experience?

Answer 4

Uniformed, mirror glasses, wooden clubs, handcuffs and keys.

Question 5

What did zimbardo find by doing his experiment?

Answer 5

Each group conformed to social roles, some prisoners sided with guards, de individuation occurred.

Question 6

How long did zimbardos experiment last?

Answer 6

one was released after 36 hours form fits of rage and crying, was stopped after 6 days

Question 7

how long was zimbardos experiment supposed to last?

Answer 7

14days

Question 8

What were the conclusions of zimbardos experiment?

Answer 8

strong evidence of conformity, reported participants acted out of character, due to situation (situational hypothesis) rather than personality (dispositional hypothesis), identification explains these findings they demonstrated things that they learned from the media.

Question 9

What are some evaluation points of zimbardos experiment?

Answer 9

may lead to demand characteristics (although situation was real to participants), high degree of internal validity, it doesn’t apply to population validity as they were all from uni.

Question 10

What was the aim of Milgrams electric shock study?

Answer 10

to see if ordinary people would inflict pain and obey an authority figure.

Question 11

What was the procedure that milgram used?

Answer 11

40 men aged 50 - 20, drew riged lots, test the learner on a memory task as they were strapped to a chair with electrodes fixed totheir wrist, if they got the answer wrong.

Question 12

What voltage did the shocks begin at and go up in?

Answer 12

It started at 15 volts and went up to 450 in 15 volt sacrements.

Question 13

What did Milgram find from this experiment?

Answer 13

all the participants ave shocks up to 300 volts, 65% went to 450 votls, they complained but still obeyed.

Question 14

What were the conclusions found from Milgrams experiment?

Answer 14

Under the right situational circumstances ordinary people will obey unjust orders from someone percieved to be a leitimate authority figure.

Question 15

What are some evaluation points of Milgrams study?

Answer 15

Broke several ethical guidlines (deception), they thought it was a memory study, didn’t protect the participants from pyschological harm, the lab is different to real life (ecoloical validity), unable to eneralise findings (population validity), right to withdraw violated.

Question 16

What are some explanations of obedience?

Answer 16

Agentic state, legitmacy of authority.

Question 17

Explain what leitimacy of authority is?

Answer 17

when authority figure is considered credible and leitimate, in a run down office block obedience dropped from 60% to 47.5%.

Question 18

Explain agentic state?

Answer 18

It is transferring responsibility for actions to the authority figure.(autonomous state - when u do take respinsibility)

Question 19

What are the situational factors affecting obedience?

Answer 19

proximity, location and uniform.

Question 20

Explain proximity in relation to obedience?

Answer 20

when the teacher coud hear the learner but could not see them obedience levels were at 65%, when the teacher and learner were in the same rom obedience levels were 40%.

Question 21

Explain location in relation to obedience?

Answer 21

a change in location from yale to an office block led to a drop in obediece frm 60% to 47.5%.

Question 22

Explain uniform in relation to obedience?

Answer 22

the experimenter role was taken over by an ordinary person in everdy clothes and no lab coat obedience dropped from 60% to 20%.

Question 23

What is a dispositional explanation for obedience?

Answer 23

The authoritarian personality which is meassured by the F scale.

Question 24

Who researched authoritarian personality?

Answer 24

Adorno

Question 25

What did Adorno discover in relation to the authoritarien personality?

Answer 25

People who grown up with strict parents who used harsh physical punishment, these children grew up very obedient.

Question 26

What are the three fsactors that increase the chance of minority influence?

Answer 26

consistency, commitment and flexibility.

Question 27

Explain concictency in relation to minority influence?

Answer 27

If the moinority are consistent and unanimous in their position they are harder to ignore and people tend to rethink.

Question 28

Explain commitment in relation to minority influence?

Answer 28

If the minority influence demonstrate dedication by personal sacrifice so the majority will pay more attention (augentation principle).

Question 29

Explain flexibility in relation to minority influence?

Answer 29

The minority influence need to accept the possibility of a comp[rimise and be prepared to adapt their point of view.

Question 30

Explain social influence in relation to social change?

Answer 30

The minority turns to the majority - snowball effect

crypto amnesia - forgetting the people who put forward the new ideas nut remembering the new ideas.

Question 31

What was milgrams procedure?