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PAPER 1 > SOCIAL INFLUENCE > Flashcards

SOCIAL INFLUENCE Flashcards

1
Q

What is Obedience

A

A form of social control where someone complies with the demands given from an authority figure.

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2
Q

What are the 2 explanations for obedience

A
  • The agentic state

- Legitimacy of authority

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3
Q

what is a dispositional explanation for obedience

A

The Authoritarian personality

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4
Q

Who carried out research into obedience

A

Stanly Milgram

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5
Q

What was the aim of Stanly Milgram’s study

A

Whether ordinary people would obey an unjust order from a person in authority to inflict pain on another person.

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6
Q

What was the Proceudre into Milgrams study into obedience

A
  • 40 male volunteers each paid $4.50 descieved into thinking they were giving patients eletric shocks
  • The voluneteers would then shock them every time the leaner got a question wrong
  • thsi continued up to 450v or to the point where the volunteers woudl refuse to go on.
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7
Q

What did stanly milligram find

A
  • All participants went to 300v.
  • 65% went to 450v.
  • Most participants found experiment stressful and wanted to stop.
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8
Q

What did Millgram conclude from his study

A

When people feel they have felt they have a subordinate position they begin to lose feeling of empathy and compassion & become blind towards obedience

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9
Q

What is the Agentic state

A

Where an individual carries out the orders of an authority figure, acting as their agent

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10
Q

What is an Agentic shift

A

Where people can start off acting in an autonomous way, but then become obedient

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11
Q

What is Legitimacy of authority

A

Where your More likely to obey a person who has a higher position or status in a social hierarchy

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12
Q

What are the 3 situational variables that can affect Obedience investigated by Milgram

A
  • Proximity
  • Location
  • Uniform
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13
Q

How did location affect obedience levels

A

If they were in a seedy office obedience levels began to drop

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14
Q

How did proximity affect obedience levels

A
  • room dropped to 40%
  • phone dropped to 21%
  • touch proximity dropped to 30%
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15
Q

How did unifrom affect obedience levels in Milgrams study

A

Fell from 65% to 20% when the wore his own clothes rather than lab coat

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16
Q

What is an authoritarian personality

A

A person who has extreme respect for authority and is very obedient.

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17
Q

who came up with the Authoritarian Personality

A

Adorno et al (1950)

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18
Q

What is the F scale

A

measures responses on several different components of authoritarianism.

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19
Q

What did Adorno find in his research

A

Individuals who scored highly on the F-scale identified with ‘strong’ people and showed disrespect towards the weak

20
Q

What is a Strength of the Dispositional explanation for obedience

A

Supporting research for the authoritarian personality as a dispositional explanation, E.g., Milgram found participants who were highly obedience scored significantly higher in F scale= supports link between Ap and obedience

21
Q

What is a limitation of The Dispositional explanation for obedience

A

The link between Authoritirian personality and obedience is just a link, E.g., research and conclusions about role of this dispositional factor are only correlational= Cannot establish casuality

22
Q

What are the 2 reasons of resisting Social Influence

A
  • Social Support (Gamson)

- Locus Of Control (Rotter)

23
Q

Who studied into social support as a explanation as resistance to social influence

A

Gamson at al 1982

24
Q

What was the Aim of Gamsons study

A

To create a situation in which particpants were encouraged to rebel againt an unjust authority

25
Q

What was the Procedure of Gamsons study

A
  • tried to get manager of petrol station fired as he spoke out about prices
  • confederate steered convo in favour of sacking manager
  • not to sack ideas was ignored
  • got asked to sign consent form to use in court.
26
Q

What did Gamson find

A
  • 32/33 rebelled one way or another
  • 25/33 the majority refused to sign the contract
  • 9/33 even threatened legal actions against MHRC
27
Q

What did Gamson conclude from his study

A
  • Found it easier to disobey when there was social support

- Due to the boomerang effect

28
Q

What is the boomerang effect

A

Where pressuring people too much makes them do the opposite

29
Q

What is a Limitation of Social Support as an explanation of resistance to social Influence

A
  • Gamson Criticised for sample used= Used sample of 33 USA males. T.S.T wont generalise to other populations or cultures= Lacks population validity.
  • Speed of Cyptoamenisa.E.g., encourage social change= change can be bought by minorities not yet fully understood needs more Research.
30
Q

Give a Strength of Socal Support for explaining Resistance to Social Influence

A

-Praised for high level of Realism= E.g., other reasearchs participants didnt know they were in a study=Therefore high in Ecological Validity.

31
Q

What is a Locus of Control

A

people believe that they have control over the outcome of events

32
Q

What are the 2 types of LoC

A
  • Internal

- External

33
Q

What is an internal locus of control

A

A belief that one can control one’s own life and less likely to conform

34
Q

What is an external locus of control

A

Controlled by outside factors which a person can’t influence more likely to confrom

35
Q

Who are the 4 Researches into LoC

A
  • Elms & Milgram
  • Oliner & Oliner
  • Williams & Warshal
  • Avtgis
36
Q

What is a Limitation of LoC For an Explanation of Resistance To Social Influence

A

Research into LoC is only Correlational. E.g., Situational factors could only have an impact= Research connot establish cause and effect and therefore more researcher is needed.

37
Q

What is a Strength of LoC For an Explanation of Resistance To Social Influence

A
38
Q

What is minority influence

A

small group of people influence a larger group to change behaviour towards an issue

39
Q

Who studied minority influence

A

Moscovici (1969)

40
Q

What was the aim of Moscovivis Study

A

To investigate the role of a consistent minority against the opinions of the majority

41
Q

What was the Procedure of Moscivics Study

A
  • 6 groups 2 confederates 4 participants
  • Shown 36 slides all varying shades of blue
  • Consistent=2 confederates all slides were green
  • Inconsistent=2 confederates 2/3 fo the slides were green
42
Q

What did Moscovici find

A
  • 8.2% agreement with minority in consistent condition 32% agreeing at least once
  • 1.25% agreement in the inconsistent condition
43
Q

Whats a Limitation of Minority influence

A

Criticised for methods used. E.g., many studies descieve participants didnt know they were in a study

44
Q

What is a possible Strength of minority influence

A

Other Research regarding role of consistency in minority influnce

45
Q

What are the 3 roles within Minority influence

A
  • Commitment
  • Flexibility
  • Consistent
46
Q

What is Social Cryptoamnesia

A

Minority view starts small, gains momentum and gains

PAPER 1 (4 decks)

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