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PAPER 1 > MEMORY > Flashcards

MEMORY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of memory

A

Short term, long term and sensory register

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2
Q

What are the 3 Key features of Memory

A
  • Capacity
  • Duration
  • Coding
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3
Q

What does Duration mean

A

How long memory lasts

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4
Q

What does capacity mean

A

How much can be held in our memory

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5
Q

What does coding mean

A

How information is stored

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6
Q

What are the 2 models of memory

A
  • multi-store model of memory

- working memory model

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7
Q

Who studied into STM

A

Jacobs (1887)

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8
Q

What did Jacobs find

A
  • average digit span 9.3
  • average number span 7.3
  • STM average capacity is 5-9 things
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9
Q

Who came up with the Mutli-Store Model memory

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

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10
Q

what is the Multi-store model of memory

A

assumes there are three memory stores and that information is transferred between these stores

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11
Q

What is the order of MSM

A
  • Sensory
  • STM
  • LTM
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12
Q

What is the capacity duration and coding of STM

A
  • 7+/-2 items
  • 30 seconds
  • acoustically
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13
Q

What is the capacity duration and coding of LTM

A
  • Unlimited
  • Unlimited
  • Semantically
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14
Q

What’s the capacity duration and coding of the sensory register

A
  • unlimited
  • less than a second
  • ecoic and auditory
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15
Q

How is information lost in STM

A
  • Displacement

- decay

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16
Q

How is information lost in LTM

A
  • interference

- retrieval failure

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17
Q

How does information move from sensory to STM

A

Attention

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18
Q

How does information move from STM to LTM

A

Rehearsal

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19
Q

What are 2 Strengths of the Multi-store Model of Memory

A
  • MSM contributions to memory research. E.g., enabled psychologists to construct MOM that can be tested= + Contribution to science.
  • Gives us a good understanding of the structure and process of the STM. This is good because this allows researchers to expand on this model=Enhanced our knowledge of memory
20
Q

What are 2 Limitations of the Multi-store Model of Memory

A
  • Assumes that LTM has an unlimited capacity, as research has been unable to measure this accurately= more research needed
  • The artificial setting of a lab is used in much research surrounding the model. Cannot be sure behaviour seen is reflective of true life.
21
Q

who came up with the Working model Memory

A

Baddeley & Hitch

22
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the Working Model memory

A
  • Central executive
  • visuospatial sketchpad
  • phonological loop
  • episodic buffer
23
Q

What’s the order of WMM

A
  • Central Executive
  • Phonological Loop
  • Visuospatial Sketchpad
  • Episodic Buffer
24
Q

What is a Central executive

A

It is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the operation of the slave systems

25
Q

What is the Visuospatial Sketchpad

A

our ability temporarily to hold visual and spatial information

26
Q

What are the 2 stores within the visuospatial sketchpad

A
  • Visual Cache

- Inner scribe spatial relationships

27
Q

What is the episodic buffer

A

A temporary store that integrates information from the other components and maintains a sense of time

28
Q

What is the phonological loop

A

deals with spoken and written material.

29
Q

What are the 2 stores in the phonological loop

A
  • Phonological store= Speech Percerption

- Auditory process=

30
Q

What are the 3 types of memory in WMM

A
  • Sensory
  • Working
  • LTM
31
Q

Who carried out research into the Working Memory Model

A

Baddeley and Hitch 1974

32
Q

What was the aim of Baddeleys and Hitchs Study

A

To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.

33
Q

what were baddeley and hitchs findings (WMM)

A

Digits increased in the digit span tasks, participants took longer to answer the reasoning questions, only fraction of a second.

34
Q

What did Baddeley and Hitch conclude

A

argue that the picture of STM provided by the Multi-Store Model is far too simple.

35
Q

What are 2 Limitations of the Working Model of Memory

A
  • Not a lot is known about Central Executive. E.g., most important research has been unable to shag light on how it actually works=More research is needed.
  • Research of the model is based and supports its features has been criticised. E.g., tasks uses Artifical Stimuli= Lacks mundane Realism and not generalisable
36
Q

What is a Strength of the Working Model Memory

A

-Research to support existance of VSSP and PL E.g., Baddeley found both tasks were competing for the limited capacity of the VSSP= VSSP is responsible for visual and spatial tasks is Externally valid

37
Q

What are 2 factors that can affect EWT

A

-Anxiety
-Misleading questions
-

38
Q

What is one way of improving EWT

A

Cognitive Interviews

39
Q

What are Cognitive Interviews

A

a questioning technique used by the police to enhance retrieval of information about a crime scene from the eyewitnesses and victim’s memory

40
Q

What are the 4 techniques used in CI to improve accuracy of EWT

A
  • Reinstate the context.
  • Recall events in reverse order.
  • Report everything they can remember.
  • Describe events from someone else’s point of view.
41
Q

Who carried out research into the effectiveness of Cognitive Interviews

A

Geiselman et al 1985

42
Q

What was Geiselmans Aim

A

To investigate the effectiveness of the CI compared to normal Police Interviews

43
Q

What was the Procedure into Geiselmans study

A

89 participants were shown police training films

48 hours later they were interviewed about the films

44
Q

What did Geiselman find

A

SI did worse

45
Q

What are 2 Limitations of Research into the effectiveness of CI

A
  • Geiselamans bad Artificial settings. E.g., Police were real vidoes were not= Lack Ecological Validity
  • CI not proved Successful for Children. E.g., Geiselman found children below 8 struggled=Got Confused by the tasks.
46
Q

What is a strength Of The Research into the effectiveness of CI

A

-Researchers claimed unfiar Criticism. E.g., increase incorrect answers.=Overall benfit of CI outweigh the risk of producing more incorrect items.

PAPER 1 (4 decks)

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