Social Inequality

Question 1

Social stratification

Answer 1

Categorization of people into layers based on their jobs income wealth social status and power

Question 2

Historical materialism

Answer 2

Material economic forces as the base upon which social and political institutions are built

Question 3

Karl Marx

Answer 3

Conflict theory
Idea that there are 2 classes of people: the bourgeoisie and proletariat

Socialist!!!

Question 4

Max Webber’s model of stratification

Answer 4

Social class includes power and prestige in addition to owning property and wealth

Class + status group + party (economic, political, social)

Question 5

Bourgeoisie

Answer 5

Capitalists
Owners of the means of production
Profit motive

Question 6

Proletariat

Answer 6

Working class
Own only labour power in exchange for wages

Question 7

Race

Answer 7

Social Distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics

Question 8

Ethnicity

Answer 8

Social distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics

Question 9

Visible minority

Answer 9

Persons other than aboriginal people who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour

Question 10

Racialization

Answer 10

Process by which groups come to be defined as different on the basis of perceived physical characteristics

Question 11

Racism

Answer 11

Belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that particular races are superior or inferior

Question 12

Opportunity hoarding

Answer 12

Powerful people exclude others from accessing to valuable, scarce resources

Question 13

Patriarchy

Answer 13

Social system in which men are positioned to hold political cultural economic and social power

Question 14

Occupational segregation

Answer 14

Horizontal: women = smaller number of occupations

vertical : women lower on hierarchy for occupation

Question 15

Glass ceiling

Answer 15

Invisible upper limit in corporations and organization above which it is difficult or impossible for women to rise in he ranks

Question 16

Homosexual reproduction

Answer 16

Process by which mangers select individuals socially similar to themselves for hiring or promotion

Question 17

Global gender gap index

Answer 17

Measured annually

Gender gaps on economic political education and health criteria

Question 18

Gender inequality index

Answer 18

Reproductive health, empowerment and the labour market

Question 19

Biological essentialism

Answer 19

Assumes that social differences are due to intrinsic biological or psychological differences

Assumes primary function and goal of all sexual activity is to reproduce the species

Question 20

Heteronormativity

Answer 20

Set of rules and norms that establishes that heterosexuality is the most normal and natural sexual orientation

Question 21

Individual cost of poverty

Answer 21

Poor health
Reduces ability to work and be productive due to illness
Stigma of being dependent on state

Question 22

Social costs of poverty

Answer 22

Greater health costs to be met by taxation
Less able workers
Reduces level of consumption in society
Crime

Question 23

Relative poverty

Answer 23

Deprivation of some people in relation to those who have more

Question 24

Absolute poverty

Answer 24

Don’t have necessary for basic survival

Question 25

Poverty line

Answer 25

Income threshold under which a person or family would have great difficult to meet their expenses

Question 26

Indigenous

Answer 26

People with ties and long settlement go specific lands who have been adversely affected by incursions by industrial economies, displacement and settlement of their tradition territories by others

Question 27

Aboriginal

Answer 27

Refers to the descendants of original indigenous occupants of a country or territory

Canadian constitution recognizes Indians Metis and Inuit as aboriginal

Question 28

First Nations

Answer 28

Describes aboriginal people of Canada who are ethnically neither Metis nor Inuit

Replaced term Indian

Question 29

Indian

Answer 29

Refers to the legal identity of a First Nations person who is registered under the Indian act

Question 30

Intersectionality

Answer 30

Understanding of human being as shaped by the interaction of different social locations

Question 31

Social mobility

Answer 31

Implies that someone has to move down for someone to move up

Question 32

Social inequality

Answer 32

Any of the differences between people that are consequential for the lives they lead, most particularly for the rights and opportunities they exercise and the rewards and privileges they enjoy

Structured uneven distribution of resources in relation to socially defined categories