Deviance & Social Control Flashcards
Crime
Deviance that breaks the law
Conflict theory of deviance
Those with power are able to shape and define what is considered deviant and stigmatize those that do not conform
Positive functions of deviance
- defines and reinforces moral boundaries
- increases social solidarity (collective sense of we are behaving appropriately and this happens when you do not)
- feeing morally superior (social psychological wellbeing that one is right)
Deviance
Behaviour that is differs from the normal
Strain theory
As the economy recedes there is more pressure on resources and greater likelihood for crime to occur
Conformists
People who accept both cultural goals and traditional means of achieving those goals
Not deviant
Innovators
Accept the same cultural goals as conformists but reject conventional means of achieving them
Ritualists
Realize they will not be able to achieve cultural goals nonetheless continue to engage in conventional behaviour associated with such success
Retreatists
Reject both cultural goals and traditional routes to their attainment
Subculture theory
Some subcultures have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime
Social learning theory of crime
People learn from community around them. Learn values and attitudes associated with crime
Social control theory
Peoples attitudes and values encourage them to not break the law. So when they are internalized they do not have that strain therefore control and commit deviant acts
Labelling theory
Self-fulfilling prophecy. Someone conforms to a label defined by others
Primary deviance
Out of character
Secondary deviance
In character
Situational deviance
Deviance which may have strong public disapproval and sanctions yet may not be seen as deviant within certain situations
Retribution
Getting even. Must suffer proportionate to the crime.
Rehabilitation
Turning a new leaf
Incapacitation
Physically preventing offenders from committing crimes
Deterrence
Dissuasion from further crime by making cost outweigh benefit (fear)
Boundary-setting
Show people where the line is. And not to cross it
Restoration
Offenders righting their wrongs
Human right
Just claim or entitlement
Positive right
Entitlement to something
Negative right
Protection from something
First generation right
Civil and political rights
Eg. Right to life, freedom of speech, religion
2nd generation right
Economic and social
Eg. Right to own property, right to education
3rd generation right
Rights of people
Eg. Right to use ones language, right to preserve ones culture
