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Sociology 100 > Institutions > Flashcards

Institutions Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Institutional theory

A

Widely accepted theoretical posture that emphasizes rational myth isomorphism and legitimacy.

Considers processes by which structures become established as authoritative guidelines for Social behaviour

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2
Q

Institutions composed of…

A

Normative, cognitive and regulative elements

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3
Q

1st industrial revolution

A

Machine labour replacing human labour

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4
Q

2nd industrial revolution

A

Division of labour grows

Mass production/bureaucracy

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5
Q

Institution

A

Formal and stable organization and structure that helps define govern and constrain a field of action

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6
Q

Technical division of labour

A

Harry braverman
Those that conceptualize and hence power regards the process and those that simply execute
Hire cheap unskilled labour
Introduce machinery

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7
Q

Taylorism

A

Principles of practice of scientific management

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8
Q

Network society

A

People are involved in several distinct networks of communication with specific language use

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9
Q

Reflexive modernization

A

Constant renewal and reorganization of structures

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10
Q

Individualization thesis

A

Without stable structures individual faces greater anxiety and ones biography must be self managed.

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11
Q

Temporal and spatial reorganization of work

A

Less distinction between home and work - problem of leisure

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12
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to learn how to learn

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13
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Cultural knowledge or problem-solving skills

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14
Q

Visual spatial intelligence

A

Ability to visualize the world accurately

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15
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Ability to recognize ones own and others emotions for action

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16
Q

Purpose of education

A

Socialization
Selection
Legitimation (science)

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17
Q

Organization of education

A

Each system reflects the organization of wider society with social hierarchies of disciplines personnel and students

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18
Q

Experience of education

A

How the purpose and organization shapes the experience of students, teachers, and staff

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19
Q

Structural functional perspective on education

A

Meritocracy: everyone is the same chance of succeeding based in their hard work and skill

Expansion of education system will lead to greater equality of opportunity

Teaching to equip students for the economy

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20
Q

Conflict perspective on education

A

Reinforces social stratification - benefits those on top

Hidden curriculum?

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21
Q

Selective school organization

A

Greater choice in types of schools

Streaming students in classes based on ability

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22
Q

Unitary school organization

A

Comprehensive public systems -the common school - broader bases education

No banding of students based on ability

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23
Q

the hidden curriculum

A

What we learn through the experience of attending school rather than the stated educational objectives

Eg. Sexist language, the disciplined mind and body (punctuality) , social interactions

24
Q

Family

A

Groups of people who are related by descent marriage or adoption

25
Q

Structural functional approach of family

A

Controls sexual behaviour and reproduction practices

Sharing resources to meet economic needs

Caring for children

Socialization

26
Q

Feminist perspective of the family

A

Gender roles. Women = dependent

27
Q

Marxist perspective of the family

A

Capitalist division of sexual labour

Reproductive vs productive labour

28
Q

Exchange theory of family

A

Think rewards of marriage will put weigh costs

Think marriage is more rewarding than alternatives (single)

29
Q

State involvement in the family

A

Legal/official definition of family

Family law

Rights of custody

Recognizing cohabitation

30
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

Talking about animals in human terms

31
Q

Health

A

State of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease

32
Q

Bio medical model of health

A

Assumes that illness can be classified and treated in an objective way

No diagnosis/medication = no illness

33
Q

Social model of health

A

Reject scientific objectivity

Definition of health vary throughout cultures

34
Q

Structural functionalist theory of health

A

Good health and effective medical care = essential for smooth functioning of society

Play the Sick role in order to be perceived as ill

35
Q

Conflict theory on health

A

Social inequality characterizes quality of health care and health

36
Q

Symbolic interactionism on health

A

Health and illness = social constructions

No objective reality of diseases

37
Q

Structural functionalist approach on ageing

A

To enable younger people to assume important roles, society must encourage older people to disengage from these roles and take on more appropriate ones

38
Q

Conflict Theory and ageing

A

Age based prejudice and discrimination

39
Q

Ideological social change

A

Industrialization

Expansion of democracy and human rights

40
Q

Technological social change

A

Printing press
Telephone
Car
PC

41
Q

Collective behaviour/action

A

Voluntary often spontaneous activity engaged in by a large number of people often violate dominant group norms

42
Q

Le bon’s 3 characteristics of a crowd

A

Anonymity

Contagion (feelings and emotions are reciprocated)

Suggestibility (more susceptible to persuasion)

43
Q

Le bon’s 2 types of crowds

A

Natural: arise spontaneously (revolutionary threat)

Artificial: level of organization exists (social movement)

44
Q

Contagion theory

A

Crowds exert hypnotic influence on their members. That combined with anonymity results in irrational emotionally charged behaviour

45
Q

Convergence theory

A

People with similar beliefs/emotions come together

46
Q

Emergent norm theory

A

Crowds establish their own norms of behaviour based on a few key noters who guide behaviour

47
Q

Social movements

A

Organized group that at consciously to promote or resist change through collective action

48
Q

Free rider problem

A

Individuals can avoid participating in collective action because they can still benefit anyway

49
Q

Life cycle of social movement

A

Emergence (widespread discontent. No organization)

Coalescence (form group, leaders emerge)

Bureaucratization (more organization, training)

Decline: repression, success/failure , go mainstream

50
Q

Social Movement strength depends on

A

Worthiness
Unity
Numbers
Commitment

51
Q

Alternative social movement

A

Limited social change

Particular sub group

Focus on single concern (drunk driving)

52
Q

Redemptive social movements

A

Radical social change

Particular sub group

Single issue - aim for greater change

53
Q

Reformative social movements

A

Limited social change
Entire society
Promote broad changes in public behaviour (eg cycling lane)

54
Q

Revolutionary social movement

A

Radical social change
Entire society
Reorganization of society (leap manifesto)

55
Q

Ecology

A

A science that deals with the relationship between groups of living things and their environment

56
Q

Ecological footprint

A

Measurement

lol imposed by a given population in nature

57
Q

Environmental discrimination

A

Disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on minority groups, both intentional and unintentional

Sociology 100 (3 decks)

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