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Sociology GCSE > Social inequality > Flashcards

Social inequality Flashcards

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1
Q

Feudalism

A

In the Middle Ages society was divided into different layers

King at the top, Lords, knights and peasants at the bottom

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2
Q

Slavery

A

Where individuals are owned by others

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3
Q

Caste system

A

Still found in India today

A Hindu based systems which has the untouchables at the bottom of society

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4
Q

Achieved status

A

Where your position is based on your efforts and achievement

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5
Q

Open societies

A

Social mobility is possible
All citizens have the same legal rights
There are no legal restrictions on marriage between members of different social classes
There are no official distinctions between social classes

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6
Q

Registrar general’s scale

A

A way of measuring social class which divides occupations between manual and non-manual

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7
Q

Issues with the registrar general scale

A

The very rich you do not work are not included how much people own is not included students and retired people are not included

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8
Q

The underclass

A

Those at the bottom of society you are not fully part of society
(Long-term unemployed, disabled and chronically ill)
Dependent on welfare payments,
criticised for causing crime and social problems

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9
Q

Social mobility

A

Movement up and down the class system

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10
Q

Intergenerational mobility

A

A child of working class parents become middle class

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11
Q

Intragenerational mobility

A 
When movement occurs within one generation
E.g a person who starts off within a working class occupation and gets promoted to middle class
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12
Q

Embourgeoisement

A

The idea of working classes have moved up in the social class system to become middle-class

Due to: educational qualifications, marrying someone of a higher status and gaining promotion

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13
Q

Proletarianisation

A

When The middle class have to do non-manual work which is becoming increasingly low-paid and having more in common with manual work

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14
Q

Absolute mobility

A

Total numbers of people moving up and down the social class hierarchy

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15
Q

Relative mobility

A

Looks at the life chances of one individual from one class being mobile being compared to an individual from another class being mobile

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16
Q

Sex

A

Biological differences between men and women

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17
Q

Gender

A

Cultural and social differences between men and women

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18
Q

Glass ceiling

A

Women finding it difficult to reach top positions in the workplace

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19
Q

Double/triple shift

A

Women still do most of the housework as well as working and looking after children

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20
Q

Gender quake

A

A shift in gender relations

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21
Q

Ladette culture

A

Young women behaving like men

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22
Q

Landowning aristocracy

A

Titles with Lord or Duke, upper class because of the land they own

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23
Q

Pop aristocracy

A

Those in media or sport who have acquired lots of wealth

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24
Q

Entrepreneurs

A

Those who have amassed fortunes through their businesses

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25
Q

Upper middle class

A

Professional occupations and managers

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26
Q

Lower middle class

A

Occupations such as office workers and telephone operators

27
Q

Petty bourgeoisie

A

Owners of small businesses and self-employed within the middle class

28
Q

Old working class

A

Traditional Labour supporters who depend on public services

29
Q

New working class

A

More likely to vote Conservative and higher incomes and B house owners

30
Q

Racism

A

The belief one racial group is naturally superior to another

31
Q

Institutional racism

A

Racism carried out by an organisation

32
Q

Examples of racial discrimination

A

Verbal abuse
name-calling
racial attacks
harassment
Minority ethnic group’s higher rates of unemployment
Minority ethnic groups more likely to be excluded from school and underachieving
Minority ethnic groups more likely to be in poor housing

33
Q

Ageism

A

In the treatment of older people as different and inferior because of the age rather than any qualities and individual house
Can occur through unemployment and refusal of medical treatments

34
Q

Groups likely to suffer from poverty

A 
Lone parents and their children
Woman 
ethnic minority
 asylum seekers
Chronically ill 
disabled 
elderly 
dependent on benefits 
long-term unemployed
35
Q

Absolute poverty

A

When someone does not have enough income to buy things needed to survive like food

36
Q

Relative poverty

A

When someone is poor, cannot afford luxuries that others have but can afford food

37
Q

Environmental poverty

A

When someone lives in an environment which cannot provide a quality of life such as being near Parks, good schools and the shops and services

38
Q

Subjective poverty

A

When an individual feels deprived when comparing themselves with someone else

39
Q

Immediate gratification

A

Living for the moment rather than preparing for later in life

40
Q

Fatalism

A

Giving up and not doing anything to improve your situation

41
Q

Cycle of deprivation

A

Shows how poverty can be passed on from one generation to another

42
Q

Dependent on welfare

A

Relying on benefits rather than getting a job and improving the situation

43
Q

Poverty trap

A

Were being poor means that many things are more expensive and therefore the poor are stuck in poverty

44
Q

Beveridge report, defeat the the five Giants

1945

A

Want - introducing old age pensions and benefits
Disease - introducing NHS
Ignorance - providing free secondary education up to 16
Squalor - knocking down slums and building council houses
Idleness - trying to ensure there was full employment

45
Q

Universal benefits

A

Benefits given to everyone

46
Q

Means tested benefits

A

Benefits only given to those who need it

47
Q

Informal voluntary care

A

Relatives and members of community

48
Q

Formal voluntary sector

A

Charities and similar groups

49
Q

Private sector

A

Businesses providing services that people have to pay

50
Q

Stratification

A

The way different groups of people are places at differs levels of society, based on social class, gender, ethnicity, age and disability

51
Q

Economic stratification

A

Some people have more money than others

E.g. People who own their own home rather than rent

52
Q

Power stratification

A

The ability to get people to do something

E.g. People who can arrest others

53
Q

social status stratification

A

In society we value some things people have

E.g. People like celebs

54
Q

Why is there limited social mobility in Uk?

A
  • culture
  • internships
  • self imposed barrier
  • family and friends
55
Q

Social exclusion

A

When poor people are socially excluded from the normal past times and pleasures the majority of population take for granted
e.g. Holidays, school trips

56
Q

What are the Effects of poverty

A
  • lack in meals
  • jealousy
  • breathing problems
  • no dreams - negative
  • low self esteem
57
Q

Poverty trap

A

When the individual becomes trapped in poverty - when people have no incentive to get better paid jobs or work more hours

58
Q

Structural cause of poverty

A

Society is to blame, not the individual

59
Q

Functionalist view on poverty

A

Society is meritocratic

60
Q

Marxist view on poverty

A

Rich get rich and poor get poorer

61
Q

Culture of poverty

A

The idea poor people have no particular culture that keeps them in poverty

62
Q

Fatalism

A

The attitude some people have where they don’t think they can do anything to help theirselves or to improve their situation

63
Q

Immediate gratification

A

An attitude which believes you should enjoy life Now by spending rather than saving

64
Q

Cycle of deprivation

A

Shows how the culture of poverty can be passed o from one generation to the next

Sociology GCSE (4 decks)

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