social inequality Flashcards
what is it?
Differences based on factors such as age ethnicity gender religion education and wealth existent or societies and create inequality
spatical inequality
Social differences varying from place to place
Quality of life
Extent in which peoples needs and desires and that this can be seen in areas such as the treatment of people or people treated with equal dignity and do they have equal rights?
Standard of living
The ability to access service and goods this includes basics such as food water clothes housing and personal mobility
social indicators
-fear of crime
- % on free school meals
- incidence of crime
- standard of health and acsess to health facilties
-standards of education
-persentage that are dependet on the welfare state
political indicator
-opportunties to participate in community life and influence discussions e.g % voting in elections
phycial indicators
quality of housing
level of pollution
incidence of litter
graffitii
vandalism
economic indicators
-acsess to lesiure services
-acsess to umpleoyment
-level of income
-% of lone pentioners
-% of lone parents familys
deprvation
Probation is commonly used to refer to the context of the quality of life and standard of living a life deprivation is more than just poverty poverty is not having enough money to support a decent standard of living where is deprivation with us the general lack of resources and opportunity
index of multiple deprvation
income
housing
eductation
unemployemnt
healthcare
crime
living enviroment
spatical patterns of social inequality
wealth - (disposiable income)
Housing - less choice, overcrowding, ill health LID’c and EDC’s millions of people have to live in slums
Homelessness is a growing problem among urban populations in many ACs this group often exists on the marginal of society and may result to squatting illegally or inhabiting derelict empty buildings
health
education
acsess to services (number of services, how easy it is to quire services, e.g transport links, social and economic factors)
impact of TNC’s
What does identify transnational corporations and nation States is a key player in the global economy. Relationships among TNCs and between TNCs and the state drives change that impact the lives of millions of people
global shift
Relocation of the manufacturing production on a global scale
raw materials such as copper and coffee were exported by countries like Zambia and Brazil which have limited manufacturing base of the own from the 1980s the new international division of labour gathered pace
imaacts of globalisation
With economic reconstruction became the loss of employment in the primary and secondary sectors as the comparative advantage of ACs in the primary and secondary activities declined. AC is transformed in the post industrial societies which most people worked in the tertiary info ternary sectors.
Impact of structural economic change on people in place
Deindustrialisation, some places which are heavily relied on a narrow range of traditional economic activities such as mining iron and steel making were badly affected by the industrialisation. Unemployment and associated problems such as ill health increase significantly and were often concentrated in inner-city neighbourhoods, the skills required by traditional heavy industries were not easily transferable to the growing service sector.
positive effects of deindustrialisation on ACS
Cheap imports of relatively labour-intensive products which kept cost of living down
Great efficiency in surviving Outlets lets can increase and lead to higher productivity
Promotion of labour market flexibility and efficiency, great to work and ability to areas with relative scarcity of labour should be good for the country
Greater industrial efficiency should lead to the development of new technologies promotion and entrepreneurship and should attract foreign investment
Lots of mining manufacture industries can lead to improvements in environmental quality
positive effects of deindustrialisation on EDC’c and LID’c
Higher exports generated income promotes export led growth therefore promotes investment into productive capacity leading to the multiple player affect on the national economy
Can trickle down to local areas with many new highly paid jobs
reduce negative trade balance
Can lead to exposure of new technology, improvements of skilled and labour productivity
Employment growth in relatively labour-intensive manufacturing spreads wealth and does reduce the global injustice
Negative effects of deindustrialisation on ACs
Rising Job exports leads to an evitable job losses
Job losses from unskilled workers
Employment gains from new efficiencies will only occur if industrialised countrys Employment gains from new efficiencies will only occur if industrialisation dies the countries can keep their wage demand down
Branch plants are particularly vulnerable as in a time of economic recession this is the 1st to close with often large number of job losses
Negative effects of deindustrialisation on LID’s and EDC’s
Unlikely to decrease inequality as jobs tend to be concentrated in local regions of urban areas, may promote in migration
Disruptive social impacts e.g. the roles of TNCs potentially being exploited and may lead to sweatshops, also the branch plants may move into LED seas leading to instability
Can lead to overdependence on a narrow economic base
Can destabilise food supplies as people give up agriculture
Environmental issues associated with over rapid industrialisation
kondratieff
capitalist economic system operates in a series of interconnected cycles
the cycles of growth and innovation have been linked to technological innovation within the industry, providing the basis for a boom. once technology is no longer new then fewer opportunties for growth exit and then comes a recession
who theories about the economic cycle?
kondratieff (german economist)
where is the multipler effect strong?
core regions
1st wave
iron and steal
water power
textiles
2nd wave
steam power
railways
steel
cotton
