economic change Flashcards
economic change
economic change is a complex process that effects places at varying scales
players
also referred to as stakeholders, individuals, groups or formal organisations who can influence or be influenced by the processes of change,
-business
-goverment
-public
Birmingham
Birmingham is a large metropolitan region at the heart of the West Midlands amid 2014 there was 1.1 million residents making it the second largest city after London
Birminghams development in the 1960s
Birmingham is also known as the city of 1000 trades Birmingham is a product of the industrial revolution. The first player to influence changes with the de bimigham family
when did the first market start in birgimgham
1166
medieval Birmingham
half a dozen streets
metal work already established
power came from the water mills with the products increasingly becoming non agriculture
the industrial revolution
population in ealry 1700s
15,000 with many of the townes inhabiltants migrating from rural areas in search of employment
who established the first factory?
Matthew Bolton, he was an entrepnure and engineer, he estabsliehd the first factory in the world. and brought 700 employees under one roof with a completely industrialised process
9th century
extraordinary growth, the gun, jewellery, button and brass industries dominated
the cadbury family
the cadbury family set up their bournvill factory and model village for the workers on their southeast outskirts of the city,
transport
transport and infastructure developed hand in hand with the industrial growth, birgmigahm lay at the heart of national canal networks in the midlands
when did the railways network between London and Birmingham open?
1838
1990s-1950s-
birmigham continued to grow durin the first half of the 20th centrey, new engineering industries developed continuing as the vehicle industry expended.
throughout the first half of the 20th century Birmingham sustained economic growth, this was accomnied by continuous population growth from both nautrel incraese and immigration from rural areas
what type of housing was built
large areas of terraced housing was built for workers in the many industries that were squeezed into spaces between factories most people live walking distance of their work however the development of a middle-class who could afford to commute helps drive urban expansion.
pollution
Decades of industrial activity had left landslides, canals and rivers with high levels of pollution. Pollution reach high levels with controls on emissions almost non-existent
-smoke, sulfer dioxide
post war, industrial decline
Birmingham was a prosperous city for most of the 1950s and 60s with employment below 1% however between 1970 and 1983 earnings fell from the highest in the UK almost the lowest of any region
What was unemployment in 1982
19.4%
people with no car in 1970
49%
people with no car in 2010
21%
what was signfcant in 1970?
global recession
when was the oil crisis?
1973
what happend in the oil crisis?
The fragile geopolitics of the Middle East it resulted in another Arab/Israel war most Western countries supported Israel and the organisations of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC)
Dominated by the Arab states such as Saudi Arabia oil supplies were used as a weapon. This was a catastrophic shock to the global economic system as oil prices increased by around 10 times. People forecasted energy prices to remain cheap for the for seeable
impact of the oil crisis on Birmingham
Birmingham traditional industry were beginning to suffer from increasing overseas competition, from TNC’s based in countries with lower production costs.
this was part of a the global shift in economic structure which the oil crisis gave to added impetus
Big TNCS
the car industry in japan
