Social & Emotional development Flashcards
What debate is there in psychology in regard to emotions?
There is a considerable debate on the basic nature of Emotions. Are they innate or partly learned, when and in which form different emotions emerge in infancy?
What is the genetic maturational account
The interplay of genetic and environment in development of emotions. genetic responsible for existence of emotions but individual differences responsible for reaction to emotions.
Learning account for development of emotions
Emotions develop differently according to environment children raised in
Functionalist account , what does it consists of?
Emphasizes role of environment in emotional development
How are emotions in infants studied?
Highly elaborate systems with coding and classifying of infants facial expressions. Facial cues are coded and combination in which they are present are then analyzed
What are the main negative emotions that infants have
Distress, fear (from 6/7 months) and separation anxiety
When do self councious emotions tend to appear
During the second year of life self conscious emotions like guilt, shame, embarrassment appear, varies across cultures
Emotion self regulation appears when
at around 6 months infants start to be able to reduce their distress by own strategies, such as averting gaze of self soothing (stroke clothes, body).
Attachment definition
An enduring pattern of relationships from birth to death. Many researchers think early relationships with parents influence the nature of infant relationships, then transferred into adulthood.
John Bowlby’s four phases of attachment
Pre-attachment 0-6 weeks; Attachment in the making phase 6weeks-6/8 months; Clear cut attachment 6/8 months to 2 years and Reciprocal relationships 2 years onwards
Reciprocal relationships phase in bowlby’s theory of attachment, definition
Infants take an active role in developing working partnerships w/ their caregivers
Mary ainsworth identified three categories of attachment through “the stranger paradigm” these are:
Secure attachment
Insecure Resistant attachment
Insecure Avoidant attachment:
4th category: disoriented/disorganized attachment
Secure attachment definition
about two third of children are securely attached, if a child is securely attached, they use their caregivers as a basis to explore the world, they have a quality relation with them.
Insecure resistant attachment definition
Pattern where young children are clingy, stay close to their caregiver rather than explore the world. In stranger paradign, the child feels distressed in front of the strangerand not easily comforted at the return of caregiver
Insecure avoidant attachemnt
In this type, young children are somewhat indifferent to caregivers, and are easily comforted by the stranger in the stranger paradign.
