Social, Economic and Political Implications of Population Change Flashcards
Which management schemes have been put in place to reduce population growth?
Kerala in India, and China’s One Child Policy
Current rate of population growth in India
The population has grown by 181 million and could be the world’s most populated country by 2020
How are women treated differently in Kerala compared to the rest on India?
They have better educational opportunities, 85% of women in Kerala are literate, while half of Indian women cannot write, girls outnumber boys in higher education
How has the state helped reduce population growth in Kerala?
More investment in health care, so IMR fallen from 210/1000 in 1930 to 14/1000, and improving education
How successful is the schemes put in place in Kerala?
Population to stop growing within 30 years
Fertility rate in Kerala 1.8, India, 3.2, UK 1.7
LE (women) in Kerala 75, India, 61, UK, 80
How has China’s One Child Policy been instated?
Fines, pressures of abortions, forced sterilisation and pressure from ‘Granny Police’ as well as colleagues etc have ensured the success of the system
What have been the effects of the One Child Policy?
China’s fertility rate has dropped to 1.7, and the population of 1.3 billion has been predicted to reduce by 300 million in the first 20 years
Where have strategies been put in place to reduce the affects of a youthful population?
In Zambia, where over 15% of the population is aged between 0 and 4 years
Why have Zambia put in place strategies to reduce the impacts of youthful populations?
Zambia is in stage 2 of the DTM, which means that by 2050 the population is predicted to increase from 15.5 million in 2015, to 44.2 million and 124.3 million by 2100
Why does Zambia have a youthful population?
64% of Zambia’s population live below the poverty line, there is little electricity, sanitation or water
Fertility rates are high due to myths over birth control methods (like pill affecting fertility etc) and lack of education etc
What strategies have Zambia put in place to counteract its youthful population?
UNICEF trying to improve hygiene education and sanitation/clean water availability
Oxfam trying to emancipate women further
Debt cancellation, qualified in 2005
What are the causes of an ageing population?
Increasing LE and declining BR
Improvements in healthcare and education, LE increases and BR decreases, emancipation of women, FR decreases
What are the economic drawbacks of an ageing population?
Money spent on healthcare, £47 billion on Alzheimer’s research in next 20 years; over 70s free flu jabs
State pension £144/person/week for over 65s, free bus passes over 65s, TV licenses over 70s, cost of care homes (£1000/week)
Fewer tax-paying people
What are the political drawbacks of an ageing population?
Parties want to attract grey vote (75% over 65s voted vs 52% under 25s) so Lib Dems proposed £25 more a week to over 75s
What are the social drawbacks of an ageing population?
More carers needed and stress on public (health) services
More elderly people will mean fewer facilities for young people
Population decline if working age need to spend money on caring for retired people
Longer working life for older people
