Population Structure

Question 1

Population structure of stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 1

Concave shape
High BR and DR- poor education and healthcare
LEDCs
Narrow apex/wide base
Low LE

Question 2

Population structure of stage 2 of the DTM

Answer 2

Concave shape
Decreasing BR- healthcare improving
High BR- still use child labour
Narrow apex/wide base
Low LE
Low IMR

Question 3

Population structure of stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 3

Bottle-shaped
Still high BR- industrialising
Lower DR and IMR- healthcare and education improved
Longevity- higher LE

Question 4

Population structure of stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 4

Convex shape
Lower BR and DR- less need for kids and female emancipation
High LE
Base getting narrower/apex increasing

Question 5

Population structure of stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 5

Convex shape
Low BR and DR
High LE- causing an ageing population
MEDCs- having more children encouraged by governments
Base much narrower/apex widening

Question 6

Causes of bulges/indents in the DTM

Answer 6

Migration- more working age men in particular (bulge)
Baby boom after war- any place on DTM dependant on how long ago war finished (bulge)
Natural disasters/war (indent) can be followed by a baby boom (bulge)

Question 7

Dependency ratio equation

Answer 7

(pop 0-19)+(pop 65+) / (pop 20-64)

Question 8

Define young dependants

Answer 8

Young people (age 0-19) who are dependant on parents

Question 9

Define Aged dependants

Answer 9

Elderly people (aged over 65) who are dependant on their children/government provisions- such as pensions etc.

Question 10

What is the ideal dependency ratio?

Answer 10

1.0 (so one worker to one dependant) eg. the UK is at 0.86, Kenya is at 1.36