Population Change

Question 1

Stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 1

Pre-industrialised society, mainly subsistence farming, regular famines, lack of water and sanitation, BR and DR high, high IMR and low LE, slow population growth

Question 2

Stage 2 of the DTM

Answer 2

Economic development begins, increase in wealth, better food supply and sanitation, DR falling, LE increasing, rapid increase in population geothermal while BR remains high due to use of child labour, so IMR still high

Question 3

Stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 3

BR decreasing due to desired better standard of living, inc. education so less kids, urbanisation also means smaller families are better, Labour laws do children put in place. Girls have better equality and later marriage- fewer kids. Population growth slows down, LE increasing

Question 4

Stage 4 and 5 of the DTM

Answer 4

In 4, BR falling to same as DR, in stage 5 BR falling below replacement level, causing ageing pop and working pop decreases,DR initially low but decreasing: lifestyle diseases (like diabetes from unhealthy lifestyles)

Question 5

Why is the DTM useful?

Answer 5

It shows change over time
Based on UK so describes the changes
USA and western countries follow the same patterns
Some industrialising countries, like South Korea, going through same stages now
Explains what has happened and why it is in this particular sequence

Question 6

Why is the DTM flawed/not work for all countries?

Answer 6

It is based on European countries
Based on past events
Been adapted since initial creation: stage 5 added
Not relevant to countries that haven’t industrialised
Some LEDCs have imported medicine/sanitation techniques from MEDCs: affect death rates
Doesn’t include migration rates
Other factors, such as famine, war and natural disasters aren’t included: affect death rates
Doesn’t include governmental/NGO interventions