Social Developments

Question 1

How much of the urban population were in the middle class by 1800

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

State some of the social classes that could be found in rural areas.

Answer 2

Landowning class
Tenant farmers
Yeomen (owned the land the y worked in)
Agricultural labourers

Question 3

To what extent did the class structure of rural areas change during the period 1780 to1800

overall argument and three further evidence points

Answer 3

Little change (continuity)
The wealthy landowning class grew richer due to enclosures and higher argicultural yield achived through industrialisation
The Yeomen class got smaller as they sold out their land to large land-owners due to their inability to compete with land owners
Agricultural labourers continued to have bad living conditions, high rent and were further affected by game laws which prevented them from hunting

Question 4

Describe the social structure of Urban areas

Answer 4

Upper class 2-3%
Middle class 20%
Labouring classes

Question 5

What percentage of the urban labouring class were children?

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

At what age was it deemed acceptable for a child to start working?

Answer 6

6 years

Question 7

How much more did men earn for the same work than women

Answer 7

Earned twice as much as women

Question 8

How much more did women earn than children for the same work?

Answer 8

ten times as much

Question 9

What were the advantages of being a industrial labourer than an agricultural labourer?

2 points

Answer 9

Industrial labourers earned more
Had more secure work

Question 10

What were the disadvantages of being an industrial labourer?

Answer 10

Laid of during periods of economic recession
All the money earned was spent on basic necessities
Bad working conditions
Long working hours

Question 11

What were the working days and hours of an industrial labourer?

Answer 11

6 days a week
16 hours a day

Question 12

Provide evidence for an increase in the standard of living of people

Answer 12

Increased access to larger variety of food (1 person could grow fould for 2.5 people)
Increased availability of jobs (more people empolyed in industry)
Any rises in prices could be attributed to harvest failures (1795 & 1799)

Question 13

Provide evidence against the increase of living standards

Answer 13

Increase in grain price from 2.70 in the 1790’s to 6.30 in 1812
Increased taxation 1793- 1815
Regional variations in price and food consumption make figures available unclear