Political pressure

Question 1

Which two naval bases mutinied during PItt’s regime?

Answer 1

Spithead
The Nore

Question 2

Which year did the two naval mutinies happen?

Answer 2

1797

Question 3

What was the aim behind the mutiny at Spithead?

Answer 3

The sailors wanted better working conditions, better wages, less harsh discipline and the prevention of mistreating of sailors

Question 4

How did the mutiny at Spithead come to an end?

Answer 4

The governemnt compromised and agreed to many of the demands of the sailors which led to the mutineers dispersing

Question 5

Give examples for compromises made by the government following the naval mutiny at Spithead?

Answer 5

Improvement of rations
Removal of absuive officers
Promised to back pay

Question 6

What were the overall outcomes of the mutiny at Spithead?

Answer 6

No immediate systematic change was achieved
However it paved the way to gradual change and improvement

Question 7

How was the mutiny at the Nore different from the mutiny at Spithead?

Answer 7

The mutineers demanded more radical reforms (including political reform) and the mutiny was more politically based.
The mutineers at Spithead made clear that they were motivated by material concerns and there was no political backing for their movement

Question 8

What was the governments response to the mutiny at the Nore?

Answer 8

Pitt arrested the leaders and put them on trial.
Leaders of the mutiny were executed.

Question 9

What were the aims behind Pitt’s response towards the mutiny at the Nore?

Answer 9

Wanted to prevent the spread of radicalist ideas and mutinies within the navy
Wanted to establish that the Navy was just another institute under government control
Wanted to remove radicals from the navy

Question 10

When was the Irish rebellion?

Answer 10

1798

Question 11

What were the long term causes of the Irish rebellion?

5 points

Answer 11

Religious and political divisions
The act of Union
Economic reform
Influence of revolutionary ideas
Failure of parliamentary reform

Question 12

What percentage of the Irish population were catholics?
What percentage were protestant?

Answer 12

85% Catholic
15% Protestant

Question 13

What were the effects of religous and political divisions in Irish society?

Answer 13

Catholics were subjected to political, economic and social disenfranchisement (Systematic oppression).
The Anglo Irish ruling class controlled much of Irish land and wealth.
Penal laws of the 17th and 18th century prohibited them from holding public office, owning land and recieving a proper education.

3 points

Question 14

How did the Act of Union lead to the Irish reblleion?

2 points

Answer 14

Irish nationalists percieved the union as a betrayal by the Anglo Irish ruling class.
The catholics thought a union would further increase protestant control ove the catholics and further the social division between the catholics and the anglicans

Question 15

What economic hardships contributed to the Irish rebellion?

2 points

Answer 15

• The majority of the population were tenant farmers with the tenants subjected to high rent and arbitary evictions
• Famines such as the potato famine of the 1790’s led to widespread disease and amplified suffering of the working classes

Question 16

Which two revolutions fueled revolutionary ideas among the Irish public?
With which social class was revolutionary ideas most popular with?

Answer 16

American revolution 1776
French revolution 1789
the Middle class

Question 17

When was the Society of United Irishmen founded and what was their purpose

Answer 17

1791
Called for the establishment of Irish Democratic Republic

Question 18

Which act granted limited civil rights to Catholics?
When was this act passed?

Answer 18

Act of Relief
1793

Question 19

What were some short term causes for the Irish rebellion

Answer 19

Repression of the United Irishmen
French revolutionary support
British military presence

Question 20

How did the repression of the united irishmen lead to the Irish rebellion?

Answer 20

By the late 1790’s the society had become more radical in it’s demands which led to the suppression of the society and the prosecution of it’s key members which led to other members looking for military means to achieve their goals

Question 21

What were some “radical” change demanded by the United Irishmen?

Answer 21

Establishment of an Independent Irish republic with religious and political equality

Question 22

How did the French influence lead to the Irish rebllion?

Answer 22

The French revolution inspired the radical movement in Ireland
The rebels were motivated by the possibility of recieving support from the French
In 1796 the French Directory sent an expedition to Ireland to support the rebellion.

Question 23

Why did the French force never arrivein Ireland?

Answer 23

The landing at Bantry Bay failed due to bad weather

Question 24

How did the British military presence lead to the Irish rebellion?

Answer 24

In the years before the rebellion the british military had increased their presence in Ireland. They impoosed heavy restrictions on public gatherings and political expression. This angered the Irish