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Part one: Affluent Society > Social Developments > Flashcards

Social Developments Flashcards

Info that is on the specification

1
Q

What does infrastructure mean?

A

physical environment

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2
Q

What was Britain’s infrastructure like in 1951?

A
  • run-down
  • badly needed modernising
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3
Q

How did housing need to be improved?

A
  • replace war damage
  • pre-war slums
  • ownership of homes still less common than renting/ council homes
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4
Q

How were housing issues improved?

A
  • pre-war slums were removed
  • new towns were built e.g., Harlow - Essex
  • home ownership increased
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5
Q

Why did home ownership increase?

A

easy access to cheap mortgages

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6
Q

How is the economy improved?

A
  • men’s wages increased
  • massive increase in private savings
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7
Q

What finally came to an end in 1954?

A

food rationing

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8
Q

What happened to the ownership of consumer goods?

A

huge surge, especially in: televisions, washing machines, and refrigerators

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9
Q

What service became popular during this time?

A

hire purchasing

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10
Q

What is hire purchasing?

A

a system where a buyer pays a deposit on an expensive item and then pays monthly instalments (including interest) to hire the item over the length of the contract

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11
Q

What was a visible symbol of affluence in Britain during this time?

A

advertising industry

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12
Q

What did people start doing with their spare time?

A

new leisure activities

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13
Q

How many T.Vs were in use by 1960?

A

10 million & an estimated 50% of the population watched T.V. in the evening

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14
Q

What about the car industry changed?

A

car ownership increased
- raised by 25% between 1957-1959

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15
Q

What happened as a result of this increase in car ownership?

A
  • demand for more roads
  • 1,200 new roads built/ completed
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16
Q

How did leisure and holidays develop?

A
  • Holiday camps (Butlins) reached their peak
  • However only 2% of people experienced a luxury holiday
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17
Q

How did social attitudes change?

A
  • increased tension
  • left-wing criticism on focusing on material affluence
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18
Q

What ideas had been ingrained into the class system before the 1950s?

A
  • respect for authority
  • strong class loyalties
  • conformist values
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19
Q

How were class loyalties demonstrated?

A

the voting results e.g., in 1951 65% of the working class voted for the labour party

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20
Q

When did this social breakdown of previous norms begin?

A

late 1950s

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21
Q

What was the trigger event for social change within the classes?

A

the Suez crisis - exposed the manipulative nature of the government

22
Q

What group began to exhibit the new idea of challenging authority?

A

CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)

23
Q

How did social values change?

A

became more individualist

24
Q

What is the ‘Establishment’?

A

a term for a network of informal connections between social and political elites (overwhelmingly male)

25
Q

How did the perception of the Establishment change in the 1950s?

A

people were less willing to follow the Establishment as they were deemed liars and manipulative

26
Q

Why would negative opinions of the Establishment cause negative opinions for the Conservative party?

A

The conservative government was dominated by the Establishment

27
Q

How were women in the 1950s viewed?

A
  • housewives
  • ideal woman = wife & mother
28
Q

What was the average age of marriage during the 1950s?

A

21 = 75% of the population

29
Q

What was the ratio of women working in 1951?

A

1 in 5

30
Q

What government benefit was allocated to women?

A

Family Allowance - paid women weekly a benefit for each child

31
Q

What were women’s financial restraints?

A

financially dependent on their husbands

32
Q

How did women in the work place change by 1964?

A

the number of women working increased

33
Q

What allowed this increase in employment for women?

A

labour saving devices e.g., washing machines, and refrigerators

34
Q

What movement was also making its way over to Britain in the early 1960s?

A

second wave feminism

35
Q

How did second wave feminism effect women in society?

A

it argued that women were unfulfilled and trapped in their domesticated lives

36
Q

What was the attitude towards immigration at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?

A

enthusiastic

37
Q

How were the New Commonwealth immigrants received by society?

A

New Commonwealth immigrants caused both social tension and change

38
Q

How many commonwealth immigrants had settled in Britain by 1958?

A

210,000 - 75% were male working to support families back home

39
Q

How many immigrants sought permanent residence in the 1950s?

A

676,000

40
Q

What event caused such a large influx of immigrants into Britain?

A

Empire Windrush of 1948

41
Q

What did the Empire Windrush symbolise?

A

a new period of African-Caribbean immigration into Britain

42
Q

How did the authorities view immigration into Britain?

A

economically desirable - immigrants filled many important low-wage jobs

43
Q

What act was passed in regards to immigration in 1962?

A

Commonwealth Immigrants Act

44
Q

What was one of the main trigger events for this act?

A

Notting Hill Riots

45
Q

What is an overview of what happened at the Notting Hill Riots in 1958?

A

Large mobs of white youths attacked African-Caribbean’s in Notting Hill

46
Q

How did youth culture differ for young people of this time compared to their parents?

A
  • abolition of National Service (conscription) after 1960
  • labour saving devices - girls no longer had to help their mothers
47
Q

Why was youth population larger at this time?

A

post-war baby boom - 10% of the population were teens

48
Q

In the 1950s what was the most obvious youth subculture?

A

Teddy boys

49
Q

What were the symbols of being a Teddy Boy?

A
  • Edwardian fashion
  • challenging older people and their views on social order
50
Q

What were Teddy Boys later replaced by in the later 1950s?

A

Mods & Rockers

51
Q

What was public reaction like towards new youth culture?

A

in a state of moral panic and hysterical about the supposed danger that the youth held

Part one: Affluent Society (8 decks)

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