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part one: affluent society > Foreign Relations > Flashcards

Foreign Relations Flashcards

Info that is on the specification

1
Q

What does the EEC stand for?

A

European Economic Community

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the EEC?

A

To have an economic union within Europe

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3
Q

When did Britain attempt to join the EEC?

A

1961 - Macmillan

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4
Q

What happened to Britain’s EEC application?

A

rejected in 1963 by a veto from French president Charles De Gaulle

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5
Q

What does the EFTA stand for?

A

European Free Trade Association

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6
Q

What is the EFTA?

A

a free trade area set up in 1960 which served as an alternative to the EEC

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7
Q

When had Britain, the USA, and the USSR once been allies?

A

the second world war

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8
Q

Why did only Britain and the USA remain allies after WW2?

A

they both wanted to stop the spread of communism

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9
Q

What is Britain’s and the USA’s relationship often referred to as?

A

a special relationship

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10
Q

What event caused tension between the USA and the USSR?

A

The Cuban Missile Crisis

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11
Q

What event caused tension between the USA and Britain?

A

The Burgess and Maclean Affair

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12
Q

What was a consequence of this affair?

A

USA stopped sharing nuclear secrets

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13
Q

What did the labour government commit to Britain developing?

A

an independent nuclear deterrent

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14
Q

Which conservative prime minister continued the nuclear plans set out by labour?

A

Winston Churchill

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15
Q

When were the first tests for the atomic bomb and the ‘H’ bomb?

A

atomic = 1952
‘H’ = 1957

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16
Q

What group was formed that opposed nuclear advancements?

A

CND - Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

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17
Q

When was the CND set up?

A

1958

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18
Q

What did the CND aim for?

A

a policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament

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19
Q

What status did the CND achieve in a very short amount of time?

A

the largest pressure group in Britain

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20
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950-1953

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21
Q

What two countries were involved in this war?

A

United States and Soviet Union

22
Q

How was the land unofficially separated during this period of fighting?

A

US in the south and Soviets in the north

23
Q

How did the north and south differ?

A

north (Soviets) - communist
south (US) - non-communist

24
Q

What was the event that kick-started the war in 1950?

A

forces from the north (Soviets & China) invaded the south

25
Q

What role did the United Nations play?

A

they agreed that the north had no place to invade so they 20+ countries sent troops to help the south (US)

26
Q

How many soldiers did Britain send?

A

over 90,000 (second largest after US)

27
Q

What was the end result of the war?

A

a stalemate which led to a ceasefire in 1953

28
Q

What was a term of the ceasefire?

A

Korea would be split into North Korea & South Korea (communist & non-communist)

29
Q

What did Britain’s contribution show about it as a country?

A

showed Britain’s willingness to play a major role in world affairs despite economic restraints

30
Q

What key event happened in 1956?

A

Suez crisis

31
Q

What is the Suez canal?

A

a main artery connecting trade routes - vital for oil shipment (80% of Western Europe)

32
Q

What leader was a cause for concern for Britain’s strategic plans?

A

Colonel Nasser

33
Q

What policy did Nasser strongly believe in?

A

nationalism

34
Q

How did Eden (British PM) view Nasser?

A

as an ‘evil dictator who should not be allowed to get away with unprovoked aggression’

35
Q

Which 3 countries were involved in this crisis?

A

Britain, France, and Israel

36
Q

What was their plan?

A
  • Israeli forces would invade Egypt
  • British and French forces would then intervene
37
Q

What is important to note about this plans?

A

they were hidden from both parliament and America

38
Q

When did this operation take place?

A

29th October 1956

39
Q

What was the reaction to this?

A
  • public political protest (within Britain esp.)
  • America opposed
40
Q

What did Macmillan (as foreign secretary) realise?

A

it was vital to pull out to avoid a financial crisis/ American pressure

41
Q

What happened to Eden’s reputation because of this failure?

A

severely damaged

42
Q

What were the global consequences of this crisis?

A
  • Britain’s reputation was questioned
  • Highlighted Britain’s inability to act without American support
  • Britain no longer being considered a world power
43
Q

What happened in 1951 in regards to the British empire?

A

a retreat was already starting

44
Q

What were Britain constantly fighting against as a consequence of still having their empire?

A

national independence movements - e.g., in Kenya and Cyprus

45
Q

What rebellion took place in 1952?

A

Mau Mau Rebellion - Kenya

46
Q

What was the Mau Mau rebellion?

A

a violent nationalist uprising

47
Q

Which was the first British colony to gain independence?

A

Ghana - 1957

48
Q

What was the famous speech given by Macmillan called?

A

Winds of Change

49
Q

What was the point of the speech?

A

a call for decolonisation and recognition of independence

50
Q

How was Macmillan’s speech received?

A

very successfully

part one: affluent society (8 decks)

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