Foreign Relations Flashcards

Info that is on the specification (50 cards)

1
Q

What does the EEC stand for?

A

European Economic Community

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the EEC?

A

To have an economic union within Europe

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3
Q

When did Britain attempt to join the EEC?

A

1961 - Macmillan

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4
Q

What happened to Britain’s EEC application?

A

rejected in 1963 by a veto from French president Charles De Gaulle

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5
Q

What does the EFTA stand for?

A

European Free Trade Association

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6
Q

What is the EFTA?

A

a free trade area set up in 1960 which served as an alternative to the EEC

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7
Q

When had Britain, the USA, and the USSR once been allies?

A

the second world war

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8
Q

Why did only Britain and the USA remain allies after WW2?

A

they both wanted to stop the spread of communism

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9
Q

What is Britain’s and the USA’s relationship often referred to as?

A

a special relationship

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10
Q

What event caused tension between the USA and the USSR?

A

The Cuban Missile Crisis

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11
Q

What event caused tension between the USA and Britain?

A

The Burgess and Maclean Affair

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12
Q

What was a consequence of this affair?

A

USA stopped sharing nuclear secrets

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13
Q

What did the labour government commit to Britain developing?

A

an independent nuclear deterrent

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14
Q

Which conservative prime minister continued the nuclear plans set out by labour?

A

Winston Churchill

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15
Q

When were the first tests for the atomic bomb and the ‘H’ bomb?

A

atomic = 1952
‘H’ = 1957

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16
Q

What group was formed that opposed nuclear advancements?

A

CND - Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

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17
Q

When was the CND set up?

A

1958

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18
Q

What did the CND aim for?

A

a policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament

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19
Q

What status did the CND achieve in a very short amount of time?

A

the largest pressure group in Britain

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20
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

1950-1953

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21
Q

What two countries were involved in this war?

A

United States and Soviet Union

22
Q

How was the land unofficially separated during this period of fighting?

A

US in the south and Soviets in the north

23
Q

How did the north and south differ?

A

north (Soviets) - communist
south (US) - non-communist

24
Q

What was the event that kick-started the war in 1950?

A

forces from the north (Soviets & China) invaded the south

25
What role did the United Nations play?
they agreed that the north had no place to invade so they 20+ countries sent troops to help the south (US)
26
How many soldiers did Britain send?
over 90,000 (second largest after US)
27
What was the end result of the war?
a stalemate which led to a ceasefire in 1953
28
What was a term of the ceasefire?
Korea would be split into North Korea & South Korea (communist & non-communist)
29
What did Britain's contribution show about it as a country?
showed Britain's willingness to play a major role in world affairs despite economic restraints
30
What key event happened in 1956?
Suez crisis
31
What is the Suez canal?
a main artery connecting trade routes - vital for oil shipment (80% of Western Europe)
32
What leader was a cause for concern for Britain's strategic plans?
Colonel Nasser
33
What policy did Nasser strongly believe in?
nationalism
34
How did Eden (British PM) view Nasser?
as an 'evil dictator who should not be allowed to get away with unprovoked aggression'
35
Which 3 countries were involved in this crisis?
Britain, France, and Israel
36
What was their plan?
- Israeli forces would invade Egypt - British and French forces would then intervene
37
What is important to note about this plans?
they were hidden from both parliament and America
38
When did this operation take place?
29th October 1956
39
What was the reaction to this?
- public political protest (within Britain esp.) - America opposed
40
What did Macmillan (as foreign secretary) realise?
it was vital to pull out to avoid a financial crisis/ American pressure
41
What happened to Eden's reputation because of this failure?
severely damaged
42
What were the global consequences of this crisis?
- Britain's reputation was questioned - Highlighted Britain's inability to act without American support - Britain no longer being considered a world power
43
What happened in 1951 in regards to the British empire?
a retreat was already starting
44
What were Britain constantly fighting against as a consequence of still having their empire?
national independence movements - e.g., in Kenya and Cyprus
45
What rebellion took place in 1952?
Mau Mau Rebellion - Kenya
46
What was the Mau Mau rebellion?
a violent nationalist uprising
47
Which was the first British colony to gain independence?
Ghana - 1957
48
What was the famous speech given by Macmillan called?
Winds of Change
49
What was the point of the speech?
a call for decolonisation and recognition of independence
50
How was Macmillan's speech received?
very successfully