social development

Question 1

What is a suggested cause of impulsive aggression in males ?

Answer 1

Increase in levels of serotonin

Question 2

What was found in Johnson et ale 1991 study involving newborns ?

Answer 2

They are able to recognise faces and had a preference for the faces that were the right way round

Question 3

If a child is showing protodeclarative behaviour what are they likely to be doing ?

Answer 3

pointing at an object they want or trying to get an adults attention

Question 4

When is stranger anxiety most common in children ?

Answer 4

7-8 months ols

Question 5

what did Tajifel suggest was a part of an individuals self concept ?

Answer 5

social identity

Question 6

what was found about the romanian orphans that were moved to the UK before the age of 6 months ?

Answer 6

the children who were moved to the uk before the age of 6 months were better developed than those who weren’t moved until after the age of 6 months

Question 7

what was Kagens beliefs on attachment styles ?

Answer 7

the attachment style depends on the childs temperament

Question 8

Who had the theory on egocentrism and what is it ?

Answer 8

piaget had the theory of egocentrism . he believed that children could not understand or see other peoples views. this was displayed by the three mountains task, children stood at different ends and were saked to describe what another child may see. their inability to understand that someone else’s view may be different to their own is the idea of egocentrism.

Question 9

What are three of the stages in Kohlbergs theory of moral development ?

Answer 9

preconventional , conventional , postconventional

Question 10

At what age do children recognise their selves in the rouge test ?

Answer 10

18 months old

Question 11

When in a social situation , why will many bystanders not go to someones aid ?

Answer 11

There is the diffusion of responsibility effect, the by standers will expect someone else from the crowd to help and not think it is their own responsibility

Question 12

what is a triadic relationship ?

Answer 12

a triadic relationship is between 2 people and a third source

Question 13

Who’s theory of inhibition in self control included ; inhibitions of movement , inhibition of emotion and inhibition of choice ?

Answer 13

Eleanor Maccoby (1980)

Question 14

what is the term used for relating development to interactions between genes and the environment ?

Answer 14

epigenesis

Question 15

what does the difference in the weight of a newborn chimp and humans brain show about the evolution of humans ?

Answer 15

The newborn chimps brain is 60% of its final adult mass, where as the newborn humans brain is only 25% , this shows that the evolution causing the humans to have the larger brain has meant that humans brain has to do a lot of development and growth after birth.

Question 16

what is synaptic pruning ?

Answer 16

The loss of neural connections to make way for new ones to be made to integrate new information

Question 17

What is the only evidence to suggest that foetuses are able to hear their mothers voice when in the womb ?

Answer 17

after even only 2 hours from birth , a newborn will show preference to their mothers voice over a female strangers voice. this is shown by an increase in their sucking rate

Question 18

what type of plasticity is more flexible and allows information to encode throughout development ?

Answer 18

experiene dependant plasticity

Question 19

What are two of the important parts of Piagets’ equilibrium mechanics of development theory ?

Answer 19

Assimilation is when new schemas are applied to novel scenarios
accommodation is when new information is added to existing schemas

Question 20

What is object permanence ?

Answer 20

the knowledge that an object is still there even when out of sight

Question 21

What is the difference between centration and narcissism ?\

Answer 21

Centration is the ability to focus on one object and exclude others while a narcissist will be unable to focus on anything but themselves

Question 22

What are the 4 stages of Piagets development stages ?

Answer 22

sensorimotor, preoperational , concrete operational , formal operational

Question 23

Who’s theory is the over lapping wave theory and what is it ?

Answer 23

Seigler 1996- the idea that children will approach problems in a number of different ways , they will develop new approaches also

Question 24

why is the concept of gravity not core knowledge ?

Answer 24

A child will not understand the concept of gravity straight away without it being taught , they will therefore form their own ideas of theories

Question 25

what is psychological essentialism ?

Answer 25

the idea that in nature something is what it is because of internal characteristics

Question 26

What is the teratogen stage of development ?

Answer 26

The prenatal period that lasts from birth to about 2 weeks

Question 27

what occurs in the sensorimotor stage of child development according to Piaget ?

Answer 27

The child develops symbolic thoughts

Question 28

According to Piaget what is the process of interpreting new information in light of an already existing schemas ?

Answer 28

assimilation

Question 29

The successful resolution of the conflict in Erikson’s psychosocial developmental stage known _______ as results in the experience of a unified sense of self.

Answer 29

identity versus role confusion

Question 30

In operant conditioning, the gradual disappearance of a response that is no longer followed by a reinforcer is known as:

Answer 30

Extinction

Question 31

What is a social schema ?

Answer 31

The cognitive structure based on the presumed characteristics of a person, a group, a role

Question 32

A social schema that incorporates characteristics, which may be positive or negative, supposedly shared by almost all members of a group is a:

Answer 32

Stereotype