development cont

Question 1

Psychologists define development as

a. behavioral changes.
b. patterns of movement or change.
c. cognitive maturity.

Answer 1

B- development is defined as patterns of movement or change

Question 2

Which of the following is part of the term “development”?

a. a pattern of movement or change
b. continues throughout the life cycle
c. all of the above

Answer 2

c- all of the above

Question 3

Which of the following processes are involved in development?

a. biological processes
B. socioemotional processes
c. all of the above

Answer 3

c- all of the above

Question 4

Developmental psychologists divide the lifespan into

a. 10 periods of development.
b. 8 periods of development.
c. 5 periods of development.

Answer 4

b- the lifespan is divided into 8 periods of development

Question 5

What is the development in distinct stages called ?

a. continuity of development
b. discontinuity of development
c. the authoritative approach

Answer 5

b- discontinuity of development

Question 6

Which statement characterizes physical and motor development in late childhood?

a. The growth rate accelerates in late childhood.
b. The child’s brain is closer to full growth than the rest of its body is.
c. Child development experts believe that children do not yet have the expertise to plan and select their own activities.

Answer 6

B- the childs brain is closer to full growth than the rest of its body in late childhood

Question 7

Little Miranda screams with delight as she sees a horse. She yells to her dad, “See doggie.” According to Piaget, what process has occurred?

a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. object permanence

Answer 7

a- assimilation

Question 8

Authoritarian parents often have children who are

a. overly self-confident.
b. good communicators.
c. socially incompetent.

Answer 8

c- socially incompetent

Question 9

A parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits on their behavior is called

a. authoritative.
b. authoritarian.
c. neglecting.

Answer 9

a - authoritative parents encourage the child to be independent but place limits on their behaviour still

Question 10

Adolescent egocentrism involves all of the following except which one?

a. the perception of self as unique
b. the perception of self as indestructible
c. the inability to see an issue from another’s point of view

Answer 10

c- the inability to see an issue from another persons point of view

Question 11

Individuals are able to engage in hypothetical-deductive reasoning after they achieve ________ thought.

a. preoperational
b. concrete operational
c. formal operational

Answer 11

c- individuals are able to engage in hypothetical - deductive reasoning after they achieve FORMAL OPERATIONAL thought

Question 12

. According to Kohlberg, at what level is moral development completely internalized and not based on others’ standards?

a. preconventional
b. conventional
c. postconventional

Answer 12

c- postconventional stage is when the moral development is completely internalised and not based on others standards

conventional stage (b) is the intermediate level of internalisation

Question 13

Of the following, which one is not among the five stages in facing death according to Kübler-Ross?

a. denial
b. anger
c. fear

Answer 13

c- fear.

Question 14

A painter who is able to tell the difference between two similar shades of paint is demonstrating

a. the absolute threshold.
b. the difference threshold.
c. sensory adaptation.

Answer 14

b-the difference threshold

Question 15

Psychologists call the presence of competing and irrelevant stimuli

a. noise.
b. accommodation.
c. saturation.

Answer 15

a- noise is the presence of competing and irrelevant stimuli

Question 16

A a nativist what did Plato believe about the human brain and perception ?

a- There are no built in organisations in the brain
b- the human brain has some inbuilt organisations
c- perception is the key format to the brain

Answer 16

b- plato, a nativist believed that we are born with some inbuilt organisations in the brain

Question 17

a child will gain their experiences through senses and movement in which of the stages of Piagets development theory ?

a- preoperational
b-sensorimotor
c-cognition

Answer 17

b- the child explores their world and gains understanding and experiences in the sensorimotor stage of development. Preoperational stage comes next

Question 18

What is the pre operational stage of Piagets theory of cognitive development ?

a- child has full understanding of objects and their properties
b- the child overrides the reality of objects with their appearance
c- the child is able to hypothesis in their thoughts

Answer 18

B- The pre operational stage has children able to use their motor and sensory skills to explore but they do not yet understand the physical properties of the world and their appearance of the object overrides the reality

Question 19

How were Piagets theories on children challenged by Hood ?
a- Hood disagreed with Piaget and thought children were more precocious than piaget thought
b-Hood did an experiment where the child had an object to search for , when he turned the lights out the child was still aware an object was present , disproving the out of sight out of mind thoughts of piaget
c- all of the above

Answer 19

c- all of the above .
Hood suggested that the children in Piagets experiments would have to have extra knowledge - piaget placed the object under a cloth in his search tasks, but the child may not know to lift the cloth up to find the object which would require other knowledge.

Question 20

Parents that did what caused their children to give more detailed memories :

a- asked no questions but told the child to rehearse their thoughts
b- asked open ended questions, asking the child to elaborate
c- there is nothing parents can do to help their child elaborate on their memories

Answer 20

b- parents that asked their child open ended questions facilitated the child in remembering more detailed autobiographical memories because they were encouraged to go over the events and include detail

Question 21

which of the following is not an alternative approach to Piagets theories ?

a- developmental cognition
b- general processing
c-intuitive theory

Answer 21

a - the other two are alternatives to piaget

Question 22

social reciprocity in infants is best described as :

a- infants continuing to smile after adults do not respond to them
b- infants becoming distressed when the adults do not respond to their social interaction
c-adults smiling at crying babies

Answer 22

b- social reciprocity is the ‘still faced ‘ effect , when the infants become distressed when the infant of 3 months will readily reciprocation social interaction with adults but become distressed when the adult does not respond

Question 23

_______ pointing is aimed at objects or events , the other type is ___________

a- protoexecutive , protodeclarative
b- protoimperative , protodeclarative
c- protodeclarative , protoimperative

Answer 23

c- protodeclarative is pointing that is aimed at an object or event
protoimperative pointing is goal orientated

Question 24

What were the previous theories of attachment prior to Bowlby ?

a- children stop with attachment after 2 months
b- attachment is a secondary drive
c- children will be more attached to their mothers than fathers

Answer 24

b- Prior to Bowlby, attachment was thought to be a secondary drive

bowl by argued that it was a primary drive

Question 25

What did Harlows 1960 experiment of rhesus monkeys show ?

a- rhesus monkeys prefer the wire feeding ‘mother’ over the cloth non feeding ‘mother ‘
b- he rhesus monkeys when in isolation will not go to either of the fake ‘mothers ‘
c- the monkeys in isolation had an attachment to the cloth ‘mothers’ but fed from the wire ‘mother’

Answer 25

c- the rhesus monkeys in isolation would form attachment to the cloth mother but they would go to the wire mother for food

Question 26

what are the three explanations of children passing false belief test at ages 3 and 5 ?

Answer 26

• the children fail to generate representations of others mind
• the children lack the language skills
• the children fail to inhibit the curse of knowledge

Question 27

The speech sounds carrying meaning are called :

a- semantics
b- phonology
c- morphology

Answer 27

b-phonology

Question 28

The rules governing word order and meaning of the resulting sequences is called :

a- semantics
b-pragmatics
c-syntax

Answer 28

c-syntax

eg mary pushes john vs john pushes mary