SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH & SOCIAL ISOLATION Flashcards
What is health determined by, and why does Healthy People 2020 focus on social determinants?
Health is partly determined by factors such as access to social and economic opportunities, quality of schooling, workplace safety, and the cleanliness of water, food, and air. Healthy People 2020 emphasizes creating social and physical environments that promote health because these factors significantly impact overall well-being and access to equal health opportunities
Which fields need advances to give all Americans an equal opportunity to be healthy, and how will we achieve them?
Advances are needed in healthcare, education, childcare, housing, business, law, media, community planning, transportation, and agriculture. These can be achieved by exploring how policies affect health, establishing roles between sectors, and fostering collaboration.
Define social determinants of health.
Social determinants are conditions in environments where people are born, live, learn, work, and age, which affect health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes
How does “place” matter when it comes to social determinants of health?
“Place” matters because it influences material attributes, social engagement, security, well-being, and access to resources like housing, food, and local services, all of which enhance quality of life .
What are some examples of social determinants of health?
Social determinants include access to resources (e.g., housing, food markets), healthcare services, quality of education and job training, transportation options, community based resources, opportunities for recreation, public safety, social support, and norms or attitudes such as discrimination, exposure to crime & violence, socioeconomic conditions.
What are physical determinants of health?
Physical determinants include the natural environment (e.g., green spaces), built environments (e.g., roads, buildings), worksites, schools & recreational settings, housing & community design, exposure to toxins & hazards, physical barriers, and aesthetic elements like trees and benches .
What are the five key areas of social determinants of health according to Healthy People 2020, and what are the issues for each area?
- Education: Early childhood education, literacy, and high school graduation & higher ed.
- Health and Healthcare: Access to health & primary care and health literacy.
- Neighborhood & Built Environment: Crime & violence, quality of housing, environmental conditions, and access to healthy food.
- Social & Community Context: Civic participation, incarceration, social cohesion, and discrimination.
- Economic Stability: Employment, poverty, housing stability, and food security
What did House et al. (1998) say about social relationships?
“Social relationships, or the lack thereof, constitute a major risk factor for health.”
According to evidence, how do social ties impact our health?
Promote healthy behaviors.
Deter risky behaviors.
Sometimes lead to risky behaviors.
What are the components of social ties?
- Social integration: Quality and frequency of contact with others.
- Social isolation: The absence of social integration.
- Social networks: Connections between individuals and their networks.
- Social support: Emotionally sustaining aspects of relationships
What are the types of social support?
- Instrumental support: Assistance with tasks.
- Informational support: Guidance or advice.
- Emotional support: Feeling loved, cared for, or listened to.
How does social support positively influence health habits?
Enhances mental health.
Alleviates stress.
Fosters psychological well-being.
Triggers beneficial physiological effects.
Provides symbolic meaning to health behaviors
In what ways can social support lead to unhealthy behaviors?
- A teen sneaks alcohol to rebel against perceived control.
- Friends bond through unhealthy activities like overeating or drinking.
- Stress in relationships leads to unhelpful coping habits like substance abuse.
- Changes in relationships, like caring for a new baby or aging parent can cause stress.
How do social ties exert social control?
Direct control: Encouraging healthy behaviors.
Indirect control: Creating health-promoting norms (e.g., family meal routines).
Where can social control come from (examples)?
the sense of self-control developed through socialization
● parents setting limits
● parents instilling values in their children and cultivating their sense of personal control
● a spouse threatening divorce if their partner continues to drink
● a spouse urging their partner to go see a doctor
● introducing routine and regularity around family meal times
