DEPRESSION Flashcards
What is depression, and how does it affect a person?
Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how a person feels, thinks, and acts. It can lead to emotional and physical problems, reducing a person’s ability to function at home or work.
What are some symptoms of depression?
- Persistent sadness or depressed mood
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
- Changes in appetite (weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting)
- Trouble sleeping or oversleeping
- Loss of energy or fatigue
- Feeling worthless or guilty
- Difficulty thinking, concentrating,
What are the criteria for diagnosing depression?
Symptoms must last at least two weeks.
They must represent a change in normal functioning.
Other medical conditions that mimic depression (e.g., thyroid problems) must be ruled out.
What are key statistics about depression?
1 in 15 adults (6.7%) experience depression annually.
1 in 6 people (16.6%) will experience depression at some point in their life.
Women are more likely than men to experience depression; about one-third of women will have a major depressive episode.
Depression often first appears in the late teens to mid-20s.
How is grief different from depression?
Grief: Painful feelings come in waves and are often mixed with positive memories. Self-esteem is maintained.
Depression: Mood and interest are consistently low, often with feelings of worthlessness and self-loathing.
What increases the risk of depression?
Biochemistry: Differences in brain chemicals.
Genetics: Higher risk if first-degree relatives have depression.
Personality: Low self-esteem, stress sensitivity, or pessimism.
Environment: Exposure to violence, neglect, or poverty
What are treatments and self-help strategies for depression?
Treatment:
Medication: Antidepressants, often requiring 2–3 months for full effect.
Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to change thought patterns and behaviors.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): For severe cases.
Self-Help: Regular exercise, quality sleep, healthy diet, and avoiding alcohol.
