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SOC 100 Final Exam > Social Control, Deviance and Crime > Flashcards

Social Control, Deviance and Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of social control

A

the myriad ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of people and behaviour

Ex. Ostracizing, imprisioning

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2
Q

What are examples of social control

A

ostracizing, imprisionment

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3
Q

Deviance does not always involve breaking the law. What other way can you be deviant

A

Skipping school, lying

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4
Q

Deviance is effected by what factors

A

Varies by setting
* Cosuming alcohol for breakfast

Varies by time
* Smoking; homosexuality,suicide

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5
Q

What is the definition of “Crime”

A

Behaviour that violates formal norms

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6
Q

Crime is composed of what two elements

A
  1. The act itself
  2. Criminal intent
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7
Q

What are the three (3) types of crime

A

Violent Crime

Property Crime [vandalism]

Victimless crime [marijuana, gambling]

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8
Q

What is the definition of ‘violent crime’

A

this is one of the types of crime

  • Crimes against people that involve violence or the threat of violence
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9
Q

What is ‘property crime’

A

this is one of the types of crime

  • Crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others
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10
Q

What is the definition of ‘victimless crime’

A

This is one of the types of crime

  • Violation of law in which there are no obvious victims

Ex. Gambling, drug laws

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11
Q

What are some examples for the decline of crime

A

aging population
increased use of surveillance technology
Increased ‘screen time’
Increased immigration
Shift to community policing
More affordable electronics
Decreased in use of lead in gasoline
More women in leadership roles

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12
Q

Gender:

____ are more likely to be involved in criminal behaviour

A

males

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13
Q

Age

At what age is crime rates highest

A

It is highest in late-teens/ early twenties

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14
Q

Race and ethnicity

What takes up most of the space in federal inmate population

A

Indigenous Canadians

28 percent male and 40 percent female

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15
Q

What are the four general purposes of prison

A
  1. Retribution
  2. Incapacitation
  3. Deterrence
  4. Rehabilitation
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16
Q

one of the purpose for prison is retribution. What is the meaning of retribution

A

punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

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17
Q

Incapacitation is one of the purpose of prison. What is the definition of ‘incapacitation

A

Deprive of capacity or natural power

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18
Q

Deterrence is one of the main reasons for prison. What is the definition of ‘deterrence’

A

The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of consequence

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19
Q

Gender

____ are more likely than women to be perpetrators AND victims of homicide

A

men

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20
Q

are perpetrators usually known by the victims or are they strangers

A

perpetrators are usually known to the victim

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21
Q

What theory does Durkheim and anomie in

A

Functionalist theory

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22
Q

What theorist is strain theory from

A

functionalist

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23
Q

What theory does control theory belong to

A

Functionalist theory

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24
Q

What theory does broken windows theory belong to

A

Functionalist theory

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25
What theory does labelling theory belong to
Interactionast theory
26
What did Emile Durkheim say about anomie
Crime and deviance result from anomie Anomie: normlessness
26
What did Emile Durkheim say about anomie
Crime and deviance result from anomie Anomie: normlessness
27
What did Robert Merton say about strain theory
Deviance increases when the social structure prevents people from achieving culturally-defined goals through legitimate means
28
How does an individual see attitude to gals and attitude to means
They will accept the goal and accept the means to attaining it
29
How does an individual that is a part of the "innovation" of Merton's Paradigm
the goal is accepted but individual use illegitimate means to achieve their goal- drug dealing to attain money
30
how does an individual that is part of the "Ritualism" of Mertons Paradigm
They will reject the goal but accept the means - They will create a new goal for themselves but still follow the norms on how to attain it
31
How does an individual that is part of "retreatism" of Mertons Paradigm act
They will reject both the goal and the means to attaining it
32
How does an individual that is part of "retreatism" of Mertons Paradigm act
They will reject both the goal and the means to attaining it
33
According to Travis Hirschiwhat is the most important factor to the Cause of Delinquency
WEek bonds with parents also: Weak commitment to conformity Involvement in conventional activities Belief in Conventional values
34
What does Gottfredson and Hirschi "the general theory of crime" state
low self-control causes deviance and criminal activity Personality [often developed by age 7] of people with self control include: Self control Inability to defer gratification Risk-seeking Impulsive Insensitive to needs of others
35
What does 'The broken Windows theory" explain
Crime occurs whenever/wherever social controls are not strong
36
What is the impact of social disorganization
As signs of social disorganization become more visible, poor communities degenerate into more crime
37
What does conflict theory focus on
Focuses on the unequal distribution of wealth and power and studies the ways people respond to inequality by breaking the rules
38
Who is Karl Marx
Workers/unemployed lack commitment to existing social order owing to its exploitative nature
39
What are the two types of Marxism
Structural Marxism Instrumental marxism
40
What is structural marxism
Opposes instrumental marxist assumption that the is the direct servant of the ruling class
41
What is instrumental marxism
Trudeau is being controlled by corporations * Argues that corporations use politicians as an instrument Instrumental marxist would argue that the government is being controlled not the other way around
42
How does instrumental marxism see the state institutions
Argues that state institutions function in the long-term interests of capitalism - to reproduce capitalist society
43
What does Michel Foucault focuses on about power
Power is always operating upon us: Surveillance Self-surveillance
44
What is surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt
Surveillance is the direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome Ex. conformity
45
What is self-surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt
Self-monitoring is monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant
45
What is self-surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt
Self-monitoring is monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant
46
How does Foucault's model compare to risk governance?
Foucault's model of discipline was focused on the individual, risk-society researchers focus on the spatial and temporal aspects of the crime
47
How are researchers from Risk governance see surveillance
These researchers believe that surveillance today is not about detection and correction, but rather prevention and risk-spreading
48
Who discovered the labelling theory
Edwin Lemart
49
What did the labelling theory from Edwin Lemert state
Deviance label may result in deviance amplification
50
What are the types of deviance - from the labelling theory
Primary Deviance Secondary Deviance
51
What is Primary Deviance
Owing to deviant behaviour doesn't necessarily impact our identity
52
What is secondary Deviance
Owing to deviant identity, self fulfilling process - given by society - labelling theory
53
Who label's individuals -labelling theory
Individuals are labelled deviant by those with power to construct the label Ex. Pygmalion effect
54
What are the four categories in the Pygmalion Effect
1. Climate Factor 2. Input Factor 3. Response-opportunity factor 4. Feedback factor
55
How does someone attain a master statues
When a deviant label is stigmatized it may become a. master statues
56
What is a master statues
A statues characteristic that overrides other statues characteristics in terms of how others see an individual
57
What did albert cohen have to say about cultural support theory
Cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behaviour Ex. University drinking
58
What did Edwin Sutherland have to say about cultural support theory
Deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely
59
What are some examples of people in history that proves that deviance is not always bad
Viola desmond - refused to sit in the black only movie theatres seat * She was deviant [she broke a law] in that situtation
60
What are examples of deviance that does not break the law
skipping class, lying
61
what are the top three offences in canada
impaired driving, theft, common assault
62
What are the three types of assault
63
What theory does broken windows fall under
Functionalist Theory [structural]
64
What does the broken window theory state
When an environment is not tended to, this attracts crime because it seems no one is caring for the community meaning no one is watching
65
What is an example of the broken window theory
vandalism
66
What is an input factor from pygamalion map
When children are challgned more by giving homework on the weekend
67
What is the response opportunity factor from the Pygmalion map
teacher ask questions and interact with children until they are able to work it out themselves
68
How does a statues degradation work
The process of being arrested Humilation after humiliation
69
What is differential association theory - edwin sutherland
If you spend more time with deviant then you will become more deviant - This is why parents worry about who their children hang out with
70
What did the resilience Research focus on
Why is it that some children can get through some circumstances
71
According to the resiliance research how are some children able to surpass trauma
1. They had someone in the neighbourhood to talk to 2. Had something to look forward to everyweek [movie night] 3. Children who had the opportunity to go to a friends house and develop an understanding that not everybody likes 'like I do'

SOC 100 Final Exam (5 decks)

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