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SOC 100 Final Exam > Social Control, Deviance and Crime > Flashcards

Social Control, Deviance and Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of social control

A

the myriad ways in which members of social groups express their disapproval of people and behaviour

Ex. Ostracizing, imprisioning

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2
Q

What are examples of social control

A

ostracizing, imprisionment

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3
Q

Deviance does not always involve breaking the law. What other way can you be deviant

A

Skipping school, lying

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4
Q

Deviance is effected by what factors

A

Varies by setting
* Cosuming alcohol for breakfast

Varies by time
* Smoking; homosexuality,suicide

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5
Q

What is the definition of “Crime”

A

Behaviour that violates formal norms

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6
Q

Crime is composed of what two elements

A
  1. The act itself
  2. Criminal intent
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7
Q

What are the three (3) types of crime

A

Violent Crime

Property Crime [vandalism]

Victimless crime [marijuana, gambling]

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8
Q

What is the definition of ‘violent crime’

A

this is one of the types of crime

  • Crimes against people that involve violence or the threat of violence
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9
Q

What is ‘property crime’

A

this is one of the types of crime

  • Crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others
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10
Q

What is the definition of ‘victimless crime’

A

This is one of the types of crime

  • Violation of law in which there are no obvious victims

Ex. Gambling, drug laws

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11
Q

What are some examples for the decline of crime

A

aging population
increased use of surveillance technology
Increased ‘screen time’
Increased immigration
Shift to community policing
More affordable electronics
Decreased in use of lead in gasoline
More women in leadership roles

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12
Q

Gender:

____ are more likely to be involved in criminal behaviour

A

males

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13
Q

Age

At what age is crime rates highest

A

It is highest in late-teens/ early twenties

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14
Q

Race and ethnicity

What takes up most of the space in federal inmate population

A

Indigenous Canadians

28 percent male and 40 percent female

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15
Q

What are the four general purposes of prison

A
  1. Retribution
  2. Incapacitation
  3. Deterrence
  4. Rehabilitation
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16
Q

one of the purpose for prison is retribution. What is the meaning of retribution

A

punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act

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17
Q

Incapacitation is one of the purpose of prison. What is the definition of ‘incapacitation

A

Deprive of capacity or natural power

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18
Q

Deterrence is one of the main reasons for prison. What is the definition of ‘deterrence’

A

The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of consequence

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19
Q

Gender

____ are more likely than women to be perpetrators AND victims of homicide

A

men

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20
Q

are perpetrators usually known by the victims or are they strangers

A

perpetrators are usually known to the victim

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21
Q

What theory does Durkheim and anomie in

A

Functionalist theory

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22
Q

What theorist is strain theory from

A

functionalist

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23
Q

What theory does control theory belong to

A

Functionalist theory

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24
Q

What theory does broken windows theory belong to

A

Functionalist theory

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25
Q

What theory does labelling theory belong to

A

Interactionast theory

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26
Q

What did Emile Durkheim say about anomie

A

Crime and deviance result from anomie

Anomie: normlessness

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26
Q

What did Emile Durkheim say about anomie

A

Crime and deviance result from anomie

Anomie: normlessness

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27
Q

What did Robert Merton say about strain theory

A

Deviance increases when the social structure prevents people from achieving culturally-defined goals through legitimate means

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28
Q

How does an individual see attitude to gals and attitude to means

A

They will accept the goal and accept the means to attaining it

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29
Q

How does an individual that is a part of the “innovation” of Merton’s Paradigm

A

the goal is accepted but individual use illegitimate means to achieve their goal- drug dealing to attain money

30
Q

how does an individual that is part of the “Ritualism” of Mertons Paradigm

A

They will reject the goal but accept the means

  • They will create a new goal for themselves but still follow the norms on how to attain it
31
Q

How does an individual that is part of “retreatism” of Mertons Paradigm act

A

They will reject both the goal and the means to attaining it

32
Q

How does an individual that is part of “retreatism” of Mertons Paradigm act

A

They will reject both the goal and the means to attaining it

33
Q

According to Travis Hirschiwhat is the most important factor to the Cause of Delinquency

A

WEek bonds with parents

also:
Weak commitment to conformity

Involvement in conventional activities

Belief in Conventional values

34
Q

What does Gottfredson and Hirschi “the general theory of crime” state

A

low self-control causes deviance and criminal activity

Personality [often developed by age 7] of people with self control include:

Self control
Inability to defer gratification
Risk-seeking
Impulsive
Insensitive to needs of others

35
Q

What does ‘The broken Windows theory” explain

A

Crime occurs whenever/wherever social controls are not strong

36
Q

What is the impact of social disorganization

A

As signs of social disorganization become more visible, poor communities degenerate into more crime

37
Q

What does conflict theory focus on

A

Focuses on the unequal distribution of wealth and power and studies the ways people respond to inequality by breaking the rules

38
Q

Who is Karl Marx

A

Workers/unemployed lack commitment to existing social order owing to its exploitative nature

39
Q

What are the two types of Marxism

A

Structural Marxism

Instrumental marxism

40
Q

What is structural marxism

A

Opposes instrumental marxist assumption that the is the direct servant of the ruling class

41
Q

What is instrumental marxism

A

Trudeau is being controlled by corporations

  • Argues that corporations use politicians as an instrument

Instrumental marxist would argue that the government is being controlled not the other way around

42
Q

How does instrumental marxism see the state institutions

A

Argues that state institutions function in the long-term interests of capitalism - to reproduce capitalist society

43
Q

What does Michel Foucault focuses on about power

A

Power is always operating upon us:

Surveillance

Self-surveillance

44
Q

What is surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt

A

Surveillance is the direct or indirect observation of conduct toward producing a desired outcome

Ex. conformity

45
Q

What is self-surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt

A

Self-monitoring is monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant

45
Q

What is self-surveillance in the term of Michel Foucalt

A

Self-monitoring is monitoring our own behaviours in order to prevent being considered deviant

46
Q

How does Foucault’s model compare to risk governance?

A

Foucault’s model of discipline was focused on the individual, risk-society researchers focus on the spatial and temporal aspects of the crime

47
Q

How are researchers from Risk governance see surveillance

A

These researchers believe that surveillance today is not about detection and correction, but rather prevention and risk-spreading

48
Q

Who discovered the labelling theory

A

Edwin Lemart

49
Q

What did the labelling theory from Edwin Lemert state

A

Deviance label may result in deviance amplification

50
Q

What are the types of deviance - from the labelling theory

A

Primary Deviance

Secondary Deviance

51
Q

What is Primary Deviance

A

Owing to deviant behaviour

doesn’t necessarily impact our identity

52
Q

What is secondary Deviance

A

Owing to deviant identity, self fulfilling process - given by society - labelling theory

53
Q

Who label’s individuals -labelling theory

A

Individuals are labelled deviant by those with power to construct the label

Ex. Pygmalion effect

54
Q

What are the four categories in the Pygmalion Effect

A
  1. Climate Factor
  2. Input Factor
  3. Response-opportunity factor
  4. Feedback factor
55
Q

How does someone attain a master statues

A

When a deviant label is stigmatized it may become a. master statues

56
Q

What is a master statues

A

A statues characteristic that overrides other statues characteristics in terms of how others see an individual

57
Q

What did albert cohen have to say about cultural support theory

A

Cultural beliefs create and sustain deviant behaviour

Ex. University drinking

58
Q

What did Edwin Sutherland have to say about cultural support theory

A

Deviance grows from exposure to learning experiences that make deviance more likely

59
Q

What are some examples of people in history that proves that deviance is not always bad

A

Viola desmond - refused to sit in the black only movie theatres seat

  • She was deviant [she broke a law] in that situtation
60
Q

What are examples of deviance that does not break the law

A

skipping class, lying

61
Q

what are the top three offences in canada

A

impaired driving, theft, common assault

62
Q

What are the three types of assault

A
63
Q

What theory does broken windows fall under

A

Functionalist Theory [structural]

64
Q

What does the broken window theory state

A

When an environment is not tended to, this attracts crime because it seems no one is caring for the community meaning no one is watching

65
Q

What is an example of the broken window theory

A

vandalism

66
Q

What is an input factor from pygamalion map

A

When children are challgned more by giving homework on the weekend

67
Q

What is the response opportunity factor from the Pygmalion map

A

teacher ask questions and interact with children until they are able to work it out themselves

68
Q

How does a statues degradation work

A

The process of being arrested

Humilation after humiliation

69
Q

What is differential association theory - edwin sutherland

A

If you spend more time with deviant then you will become more deviant

  • This is why parents worry about who their children hang out with
70
Q

What did the resilience Research focus on

A

Why is it that some children can get through some circumstances

71
Q

According to the resiliance research how are some children able to surpass trauma

A
  1. They had someone in the neighbourhood to talk to
  2. Had something to look forward to everyweek [movie night]
  3. Children who had the opportunity to go to a friends house and develop an understanding that not everybody likes ‘like I do’

SOC 100 Final Exam (5 decks)

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