Social Conflict and Resolution

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

hostile or violent behavior towards others

Question 2

territorial aggression

Answer 2

behaviors to exclude others from a physical behavior

Question 3

Sexual aggression

Answer 3

displays of behavior animals exhibit to obtain and retain mates

Question 4

Parental/protective Aggression

Answer 4

keep offspring safe from perceived harm

Question 5

Predatory aggression

Answer 5

display of behavior with intent of consuming another animal

Question 6

Anti-predatory aggression

Answer 6

displays of behavior to prevent being attacked or eaten

Question 7

Possessive aggression

Answer 7

behavior keeping others away from item/object

Question 8

social aggression

Answer 8

display hostility towards others in their group

Question 9

Limbic System

Answer 9

Aggression is activity in this system

Emotion system in brain
Unconscious responses in system

Actual emotion/feeling is interpretation of that

Made up of hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

responsible for homeostasis

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

learning and memory

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

stores all sensory systems, all pass through this before going to other areas of brain

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

• emotional center in limbic system

Question 14

Describe what happened in an experiment on monkeys when the amygdala was removed

Answer 14

no longer express fear of danger

(snake in this case)

Question 15

Name factors that contribute to aggression

Answer 15

• sereotonin
• vasopressin
• oxytocin
• thyroid hormone
• progesterone
• luteinizing hormone
• other hormones (androgens, estrogens)

Question 16

Serotonin contribution to aggression

Answer 16

Associated with aggression, since it dampens affects of aggression

Question 17

Vasopression contribution to aggression

Answer 17

increases effects

Question 18

Oxytocin contribution to aggression

Answer 18

• increases effects

Question 19

Thyroid hormone contribution to aggression

Answer 19

Increases affect
(Thyroxine T4 and Tri-iodothrymine T3)

Question 20

Luteinizing hormone contribution to aggression

Answer 20

Comes from anterior pituitary
Direct affect on aggression by producing testosterone (so causes increase)

Question 21

Name experiences that contribute to aggression

Answer 21

• reproductive cycle, pain, prior learning

Question 22

Reproductive cycle’s contribution to aggression

Answer 22

Induced ovulators: aggressive mating behaviors to ovulate; necessary for ovulation

Examples: rabbits, llamas, alpacas, ferrets, cats

Question 23

Name an example of prior learning and its contribution to aggression

Answer 23

isolated mouse beat up when place with another

learns and will defend better in following similar events

Question 24

Name two types of dominance

Answer 24

simple and linear

Question 25

Simple dominance

Answer 25

one alpha animal, all others in population are subordinates (in social group)

Question 26

Linear dominance

Answer 26

common in primates, multiple dominant beings

most dominant alpha, subdominant, and subordinates

lower group will receive aggression (alpha aggressive towards subdominant, subdominant aggressive towards subordinates)

Question 27

How are dominant hierarchies established/defined?

Answer 27

Aggressive encounters: animals fight out to determine who is most dominant; since energy costly, can include strength tests instead of out right fighting first

Association: relationship with most dominant animal impacted, can have increased or lost dominance when confronting other groups with hierarchies

Birthright: animal born to dominant mother will be placed in hierarchy right under her

Question 28

Name the pros of dominance behaviors

Answer 28

More control of resources (territory, mates, food, habitat)

Protection for offspring(not challenged as often)

Better choice of mates

Increased survivability

Question 29

Name the cons of dominance behaviors

Answer 29

Less choice of mates/ no mating at all in non-dominant animals

Energetically costly (on guard always, always challenged)

Long term exposure releases lots of cortisol (from stress); causes sickness and weakness

Question 30

How can an animal improve dominance status?

Answer 30

form alliances: individuals taking on more dominant animals, or join forces to overtake dominant animal

Wait it out: higher ranking animals will eventually die, can then take over place

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