Social Compostion Flashcards
In general are ethnic minorities more religious?
Yes - particularly Muslims
Muslims 74%
Hindus/Sikhs 45%
Why does Bruce argue religion is more important to ethnic minorities
Cultural defence
Cultural transition
What does Bruce mean by cultural defence
Reinforces ethnic identity, and divisions
E.G. Northern Ireland
What does Bruce mean by cultural transition
Religion serves to support, strengthen and integrate a community
What is an evaluation of Bruce
Brown:
Even if initially for ethnic identity, does lead to religious revival
Why does Davie argue ethnic minorities more religious
Religion serves to integrate ethnic community in face of hostility/racism/prejudices/ from majority culture
Who do functionalists argue ethnic minorities more religious
Social solidarity
Why do SAT argue thenic minorities more religious
Provides a Sacred Canopy: protects community and provides a shared universe of meaning, offering plausibility structure to help understand their experiences
Why does Johal argue ethnic minorities more religious
Young, British Asians are sophisticated code switchers and have a form of cultural hybridist
Why does Watson argue ethnic minorities more religious
Veiling liberating
How does Norris and Ingleharts Existential Security Theory explain why ethnic minorities more likely to turn to religion
Insecure = minority, looked down on by the majority, face high levels intra/inter ethnic violence, police racism
Why does Modood argue the 2nd/3rd generation potential sources of conflict
Modood: 2nd generation less religious, integration becomes less important
Why does Chrysiddes argue the 2nd/3rd generation potential sources of conflict
3 possible paths:
Apostasy - give up religion to fit in
Accommodation - practice religion but more westernised (code switchers)
Renewed Vigour - young British Muslims mag worship more - hyper ethnicity (empowerment from difference)
Why does Mizra argue the 2nd/3rd generation potential sources of conflict
Blames foreign policy, multicultural policies, decline traditional sources identity
How can conflicts occur within host communities (ethnicity)
Schools
Rights
Celebrations
Food - halal and kosher
How can conflicts occur within a community (ethnicity)
Liberals vs Fundamentalists
How can conflicts occur globally (ethnicity)
Casanova: role of religion in global conflict
What age group is more likely to go to church
Under 15s more likely to go to church as made to do so by parents
Why are old people more likely to be religious
Socially isolated: religion gives form support
Closer to death
Religious socialisation
What are exceptions of the elderly going to church
Over 65s illness/disability may mean not able to attend church
Why are young people less likely to be religious
Disengagement Flight from deference Religious pluralism Spiritual shopping Rise religious surrogates Lack religious education role mass media/peer group Pragmatic reasons - havent got the time
How does the features of a Church affect social class membership
Aspires to include all classes, however, contemporary Britain, upper class and upper m.c. overrepresented because association with establishment and generally conservative ideology
How does the features of a Denomination affect social class membership
Slightly anti-establishment, broken away from religious mainstream. Wallis: still respectable organisations tend not to attract lowest classes. Appeal to upper w.c. and lower m.c.
How does the features of a Sect affect social class membership
Traditionally recruited disadvantaged, require members to give up previous life = those lots to lose less likely to join. Give deprived a way of coping. Wallis: 60/70s began to appeal to relatively deprived
How does the features of a Cults affect social class membership
Client Cult: appeal to already successful and affluent who want to be more successful
Other cults similar to sects and attract disadvantaged
How does the features of a NAM affect social class membership
Heelas: tend appeal m.c.
Bruce: appeals to those in expressive professions e.g. Media, teaching, and counselling. Linked human potential movement
