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Religion > Interpretvists And Post Modernity > Flashcards

Interpretvists And Post Modernity Flashcards

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1
Q

Do interpretivists argue religion is a conservative force?

A

Berger and Kellner

Religion IS a conservative force

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2
Q

What is the Interpretivist belief in role of the religion

A

Plausibility Structure: helps explain and answer big questions?
Scared Canopy: brings harmony, reinforces shared universe of meaning, keeps society as stable
Feel at home: without feel anomie and homeless

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3
Q

Post Modernity key characteristics

A 
Belief in death of meta narrative
Cult of expert dead - flight deference 
Choice and diversity - pick & mix 
Individualism and reflexivity 
Relativism 
Globalisation 
Mass communications - internet/satellite
Decline boundaries/identities - link differentiation
Consumerism
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4
Q

Impact post modernity on flight from deference

A

Less likely to turn to church

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5
Q

Impact post modernity on globalisation

A

People exposed to a variety of cultures and belief systems - some write of ‘easternisation of religion’

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6
Q

How does individualism and reflexivity impact on religion

A

People free to create new individualised identities sometimes ‘virtual identities’

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7
Q

How does post modernity emphasis on consumerism impact on religion

A

Self-selecting consumers all week - we want choice in all areas of our life

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8
Q

What are the 2 contradictory trends that have developed as a result post modernity

A

Growth in New Age

Growth Fundamentalist

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9
Q

What is the New Age response

A 
Fits in with post modern world 
Hybridity and choice 
Heelas identifies 2 strands: 
Expressive individualism
Utilitarian individualism
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10
Q

What is expressive individualism

A

Search for god or goddess within, often rejecting materialism

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11
Q

What is utilitarianism individualism

A

Makes you a better person in market place/more successful manager

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12
Q

Outline fundamentalism

A

Kepel - growth since 1970s

Provides absolutes in choice of saturated world

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13
Q

What does late modernist Giddens argue

A

Globalisation: increase in choice and individualism leads increased reflexivity
People question certainties and experts - provide conflicting advice
Creates gap revival - searching for new meaning and identities

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14
Q

Evaluation of Giddens Late Modernity

A

Sounds almost functionalist with suggestion there is a spiritual need for religion

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15
Q

What does Bauman Post Modernity argue

A

Agrees Giddens: decline cult expert and traditional church believes a moral and ethical vacuum emerges - morality becomes privatised
Wants to create meaningful lives - ‘be somebody’ create moral identity, turn to religious leaders for help

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16
Q

Evaluation of Bauman

A

Beckford: if cult of the expert is dead why would they seek out religious leaders

17
Q

What is Post Modernist Lyons key concept

A

Jesus in Disneyland

18
Q

What 2 key changes does Lyons identify

A

Globalisation/Multiculturalism/Spread Computer Info

Religion moved outside

19
Q

What does Lyon mean by Globalisation/Multiculturalism/Spread Computer Info

A

Identities no longer based on local community

Consumerism: people want to be able to do what they want with their time, bodies and Gods

20
Q

What does Lyon mean by Religion has moved outside

A

Established churches moved to sphere of consumerism
Still want some aspects as ‘cultural resource’ dip in and out of
But do not need religion as a social institution

21
Q

Example of Lyons Jesus in Disneyland

A

Harvest Day Crusade

Singers and artists at Disneyland, religion provided in ultimate post modern setting - blurring of religion and disney

22
Q

What does Lyon argue on the trend of the past 4 decades

A

Growth in unconventional practices and spirituality

23
Q

What does Hervieu-Leger Late modernity argue

A

Cultural amnesia
Greater equality: led to flight from deference
Consumerism: spiritual shoppers
We become either Pilgrims or Converts
Religion is no longer a source of collective identity

24
Q

What does Hervieu-Leger mean by cultural amnesia

A

Modern society - no longer pass traditional religion on to children
No longer have fixed identities
Ignorant of traditional religion

25
Q

What dies Hervieu-Leger mean by us becoming Pilgrims

A

Following and searching for own path to God/Spirituality

26
Q

What does Hervieu-Leger mean by us becoming Converts

A

Join religious groups which offer strong sense belonging usually based on shared ethnic background or religious doctrine

27
Q

Why does Hervieu-Leger argue religion no longer acts as a source of collective identity

A

Provides a foundation for our views on human rights

These values can be basis of shared cultural identity and social solidarity even for those who arent religious

28
Q

Who researches in to Globalisation

A

Beyer

29
Q

What are the outcomes Beyer identifies from globalisation

A

2 possible outcomes:
Potential Clashes or Potential Benefit
3 possible paths for religion: Retreat, Assert particularistic identity, Adopts universalistic values

30
Q

What is the difference of Beyers 2 possible globalisation outcomes

A

Potential Clashes: too many cultures 1 place lead to conflict (particularism)
Potential Benefit: increased communications and contact may lead greater understanding

31
Q

What are the differences between the 3 possible paths for religion identified by Beyer in globalisation

A

Retreat: privatised and individualised
Assert particularistic identity: mobilises fragmented people may feel marginalised
Adopts universalistic values: cuts across groups and unites people

32
Q

Example if Beyers Religion asserting particularistic identity

A

Fundamentalism often associated with Nationalism - Hinduism and India

33
Q

What does Beyers conclusions mean

A

No inevitable demise of religion

34
Q

What did Hunnington study

A

Clash of Civilisations

35
Q

Does Hunnington look at globalisation?

A

Not by name - but does see travel, migration, mass communications weakened identities if nation states. Since collapse communism political differences less source conflict

36
Q

What are the 7 civilisations Hunnington identifies

A

Western, Latin America, Confucianism - China, Japan, Hindu, Islamic, Slavic-Orthodox

37
Q

What does Hunnington see as the conflict of the future

A

Increasingly over religious differences and divisions
So many countries developing nuclear capabilities
West under threat potential future military alliance between Islam and Confucianism
West need to reassert Christian identity

38
Q

Evaluation of Hunningtons Clash of Civilisations

A

Neo conservative ideology portrays Islam as the enemy
Casanova: ignores conflicts within civilisations
Armstrong: hostility towards west due to foreign policy

Religion (11 decks)

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