Social Cognition Flashcards
What is social cognition?
Social cognition is the processses involved in percieivig, interpretting, storing and acting on social information.
What is cognitive algebra?
Cognitive algebra is how we see certain traits as having certain degrees of desirabilityand we intergrate all the values of all ofa persons traits to come to an overall evalution.
What ways can we intergrate information in terms of cognitive algebra?
- Summation
- Averaging
- Wegithed averaging
Weighted averaging
-Wegithed averaging where how much we value certain triats is dependent on the context we are in and how much these traits give us insight to another persons behaviour
Summation
-Summation where we calculate whether there is more god or more bad traits
Averaging (cognitive algebra)
-Averaging where some traits hold more value than others, some are marginal
Briefly describe Asch’s confiural model
Asch configuaral model 1946
We make holisitic judgements of people using context, value, presence of other traits
Central traits are charactersitics which are disportioantly valuable in imopression formation (warm versus cold is one, Asch 1946)
What are kelly’s personal constructs?
Personal constrcuts are indiosycratic and personal ways of charactersing behaviour
What is the primacy effect?
primacy effect by asch 1946 is how we deem the information we receive first about a person as most important
First impressions are the most ….. and …….
First impressions are most enduring and impactful (Jones and Goethals 1972)
What is negativity bias?
Negativity bias in impression formation is that our impressions are disporiontalty infleunced by nagative information as we tend to pay more attention to it
What si the reason for negativty bias accodring to carlson and skowronski 1989?
Negativity bias occurs because negative traits are threatening and signify potential harm or danger so we are more sensitive to it
What is social judgeability?
Social judgeability is when people are maming an assessment as to whetgher there is a legitimate and adequate reason for judging someone before you form an actual impression
Society…. us from making ..,.. of people before we meet them (…… and racism)
Discourages
judgements
sexism
Is appearance important in impression formation?
Yes appearance is oten used to judge character as it is the first thign we see as we dont have any other inforimation about a persons character yet
Define schema
Schema are mental frameworks that organise and synthesises information about something. Containing infotation about attributes and relationships between them. They can be for others, ourselves, events, groups, objects.
Why are schema useful?
Schema aid our interpreation of the world
Why can schema be bad?
Schema make assumptions and can be wrong thereofre leading to biases and possibly even prejudice.
What are prototype schema?
prototype schema are abstract, fuzzy sets of attributes that deine a category when we dont actuallt know anything from this category (assumptions about a russian even though we have never met one)
What are exemplar schema?
Exemplar schema are when we have specific instances of a category to use as an example.
Which is better exemplar schema or prototype schema?
Neither is better as neither is a true desciption of a whole category as they use either imagined ideas of infer te behaviour of whole groups from one person
What is social categorisation?
We perceive the world in categories; we assign people into groups based on their features and once we categorise them schema for that group is activated
What type of schema is very resistant to chnage?
Prototype schema are very resitant to change as there are rapidly activated by cues (fiske and neuberg 1990)
Discuss inclusiveness of categories and what this can mean
highly inclusive categories may overshadow important diffeeences
basic level categories ae neither too little or too inclusive so we use these . These are default
