social class inequalities theory Flashcards
what did marx say about social class inequalities?
stated that the structure of capitalist society is divided into 2 major parts (the infrastructure and the superstructure) which shape the rest of society , the bourgeoise and the proleteriats
what does westergaard say about social inequalities?(marxist)
argues that class differences became stronger in the uk in the late 20th century. the top 10% have massive increases in income whilst on the lowest have seen virtually no rise
what does scott say about social inequalities?(marxist)
social closure,if the upper class are exerting social closure, they are able to maintain their wealth
what does Gramsci say about social class inequalities?(neo-marxist)
hegemony, refers to the idea that the ruling class get just enough working class people on their ‘side’ to follow their ruling class ideologies
what does wright say about social class inequality?(neo-marxist)
contradictory class position,this means that they are both exploited by the ruling class and exploit the working class
what does bravermaan say about social class inequalities?(neo-marxist)
proleterianisation, the marxist concept that sees the middle class identifying more with the working class identity in terms of pay and conditions of their employment - partciularly the amount of control and freedom they have with their work
what does benston say about social class inequalities?(marxist feminist)
argues that a wife keeps her husband in good running order by feeding and caring for him and that is essential in the smooth running of capitalism. the fact that the husband provides for his wife and kids means that he is less likley to challenge the capitalist system
what does feeley say about social class inequality?(marxist feminist)
women emerge from family life preconditioned to accept their place in the capitalist heirarchy - the family is ‘designed to teach positivity not rebellion’
what does ansley say about social class inequality?(marxist feminist)
sees womrn as acting as a ‘safety valve’ and talks of women as being the ‘takers of shit’ as husbands return having been exploited at work and take out their frustrations on their wives. ‘ women act as a sponge for mens revolutionary ire’
what does beechey say about social class inequality?(marxist feminist)
explains the position of women in the labour market in terms of how capitalism operates. sees women as a cheap reserve army of labour, brought in during economic booms but thrown out during slumps
what does durkheim say about social class inequality?(functionalist)
division of labour, in which people have very different functions, skills and avaliabilities. value consensus also means that members of society accept the legitimacy of stratification
what does parsons say about social class inequalities?(functionalist)
social inequality and difference are also functional and an inevitable feature of social systems . this ranking is based in a value consensus about what society values, especially with regard to:kinship, personal qualities, achievement, possesions, authority
what do davis and more say about social class inequality?(functionalist)
stratification is a permanent and universal feature of human societies and concluded this becuase it is functionally necessary
what does sauders say about social class inequality?(new right)
social mobility included a change in your class. hayek belives that inequality is justified because it promotes economic growth
what does murray say about social class inequalities?(new right)
argued that the underclass promoted ‘dependancy culture’ meaning they will not take responisbility for their own situations and theyre depending on welfare state to survive
what does weber say about social class inequalities?
agreed with marx that the ownership of property and capital were important dimensions of privilidge within society, however he argued that social inequality was largely a product of 3 things: class, status and party
what does draper say about social class inequalities?(weberian)
suggested that the middle class is so diverse in lifestyle, occupation and attitudes that they are like a dish of herrings and strawberries
what does savage say about social class inequalities?(weberian)
states that there are different types of middle class identities and lifestyles. he claims that the middle class is seperated into public sector professionals and private sector entrepenures whose incomes are considerably higher than their public sector counterparts
what does giddens say about social class inequality?(weberian)
acknowledge that the upper class is fragmented in the contemporary uk
what does the bbc class calculator do?(used as evidence for weberianism)
calculates new class divisons
what does zweig say about social class inequality?(weberian)
argued that a section of the working class adopted the economic and cultural lifestyle of the middle class. embourgeoisement
what do pakluski and waters say about social class inequality?(postmodernist)
publsihed a boom called ‘death of class’ which announces the end of social classes in todays post-modern societys. the authors mention that social class is a hsitorical phenominon that occurs in the 19th century
what does polhemus say about social class inequalities?(postmodernist)
global media there exists a ‘supermarket of style’ from which young people can pick and chose when constructing their identity
what doews beck say about social class inequalities?(postmodernist)
we now live in a risk society where innovation, technological and bilogical developments has meant that we are now exposed to the ‘risks of the unkown’ he states rear risks are now posed to everyone despite their social class backgrouynd. this has led to development of more individual identities
