social change affecting policy development

Question 1

DRINK-DRIVING - CHANGING PERCEPTIONS
in 1925…

Answer 1

• first law passed making drunk driving an offence
• no clear definition of drunk and no legal limit on how much alcohol drivers could have in their blood

Question 2

DRINK-DRIVING - CHANGING PERCEPTIONS
road safety

Answer 2

• becoming more of a public concern from the 1950s
• drink driving moved up as a political agenda
• 1996, all new cars had to have seatbelts

Question 3

DRINK-DRIVING - BREATHALYSERS
Road Safety Act 1967

Answer 3

• blood alcohol limit 80mg alcohol / 100 ml blood

Question 4

DRINK-DRIVING - BREATHALYSERS
1968

Answer 4

• breathalysers introduced

Question 5

DRINK-DRIVING - BREATHALYSERS
breathalysers introduced resulted in

Answer 5

• reduced number of road traffic accidents from 25% to 15%
• 1,152 fewer recorded deaths
• 11,177 fewer serious injuries

Question 6

DRINK-DRIVING - TOUGHER LAWS
- what scheme was introduced for convicted drivers with an alcohol problem?

Answer 6

High Risk Offender Scheme 1983

Question 7

DRINK-DRIVING - TOUGHER LAWS
new laws and tougher sentencing …

Answer 7

• reflect growing public intolerance of drink driving
• deaths from accidents involving alcohol have been declining largely due to tighter restrictions
• only about 5% road casualties

Question 8

DRINK-DRIVING - CAMPAIGNS
first tv advertising campaign against drink driving…

Answer 8

• mounted by the government aired over 50 years ago
• fall in deaths partly due to these
• sometimes target specific groups who are most at risk (young men)

Question 9

DRINK-DRIVING - CAMPAIGNS
brake

Answer 9

• argue that the government need to go further
• 1 in 8 road deaths still involve driver over the alcohol limit
• England and Wales have the highest legal limit in Europe

Question 10

DRINK-DRIVING
statistics

Answer 10

1979 - 1640 deaths
2016 - 230

Question 11

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - INTRO
in 1945

Answer 11

• fewer than 20,000 non-white residents in the UK

Question 12

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - INTRO
1950s and 1960s

Answer 12

• non white immigrants came from former British colonies
• Caribbean, Indian subcontinent, and Africa

Question 13

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - WINDRUSH
who were they?

Answer 13

• Caribbean migrants arriving in the UK between 1948 and 1971

Question 14

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - WINDRUSH
what did they face?

Answer 14

• hostility, as many white people held racist stereotypes of black people as dirty, diseased, and criminal

Question 15

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - WINDRUSH
1950s and 60s

Answer 15

• immigrants often met with discrimination in housing, employment, and services
• legal to discriminate against a person on grounds of race

Question 16

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - RACE RELATIONS
Race Relations Act 1965

Answer 16

• banned racial discrimination in public places

Question 17

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - RACE RELATIONS
further Race Relations Act 1968

Answer 17

• outlawed discrimination in the key areas of employment, housing, public services

Question 18

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - RACE RELATIONS
1965 and 1968 Acts replaced

Answer 18

• Race Relations Act 1976
• significantly strengthened the law by extending it to cover both direct and indirect discrimination

Question 19

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - RACE RELATIONS
Race Relations Act 1976

Answer 19

• replaced by Equality Act 2010
• brought together laws on racial, sex, age, and disability discrimination

Question 20

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CULTURAL CHANGE
1960s

Answer 20

• has been a cultural change
• a decline in prejudice towards ethnic minorities

Question 21

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CULTURAL CHANGE
1987

Answer 21

• British Attitudes Survey found that 39% were racially prejudiced
• 2017 - 26%

Question 22

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CULTURAL CHANGE
public perception

Answer 22

-result of changing attitudes, a change in public perception of discrimination and race hate as crime
- more likely to accept that these should be criminal offences

Question 23

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - REASONS FOR CHANGE
if the law

Answer 23

• is changed to forbid, discrimination, people may abandon their prejudiced attitudes to make them fit with how they’re required to behave

Question 24

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CONTINUING DISCRIMINATION
have clearly…

Answer 24

• been changes in attitudes and behaviours since the demographic changes brought by immigration

Question 25

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CONTINUING DISCRIMINATION
as well as

Answer 25

• racism towards non-whites, there is Islamophobia racism towards East European and Gypsies/Roma

Question 26

IMMIGRATION AND RACISM - CONTINUING DISCRIMINATION
April 2018

Answer 26

• Theresa May apologised for their treatment

Question 27

LGBTQ+ - before 1960s
for centuries…

Answer 27

• same- sex sexual activity was condemned as immoral or sinful
• it was severely punished by law

Question 28

LGBTQ+ - before 1960s
The ___ Act

Answer 28

• Buggery Act 1533 made sodomy between men punishable by death

Question 29

LGBTQ+ - before 1960s
although the…

Answer 29

• death penalty for sodomy was abolished in 1861

Question 30

LGBTQ+ - before 1960s
in the …

Answer 30

• 20th century, the law continued to be enforced against gay men
• by 1954, there were over 1,000 men in prison

Question 31

LGBTQ+ - before 1960s
in the 1950s…

Answer 31

• there were high profile trials including wartime code-breaker Alan Turning

Question 32

LGBTQ+ - decriminalisation
the persecution…

Answer 32

-of these high profile people let to an outcry and a committee was established under Sir John Wolfenden to review the law

Question 33

LGBTQ+ - decriminalisation
the wolfenden report…

Answer 33

• was published in 1957
• recommended decriminalisation of sexual activity in private between men aged 21 and over

Question 34

LGBTQ+ - decriminalisation
this became…

Answer 34

• law in 1967 in England and Wales

Question 35

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
attitudes…

Answer 35

• have changed considerably in recent decades and now about 2 thirds of the population see nothing wrong with homosexuality compared to 1/5 or less in the 1980s

Question 36

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
2004

Answer 36

• civil partnerships legally recognised

Question 37

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
2014

Answer 37

• same-sex marriage legalised in England and Wales
• 2020 in northern ireland

Question 38

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
social changes thought…

Answer 38

-to be influenced by secularisation (less than 1/2 of Britons believe in God)
- therefore, the weakening of the influence of religious views on homosexuality

Question 39

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
also influenced by…

Answer 39

• individualism (belief that people should have the rights to choose how they live as long as they don’t harm others)
• and equal rights

Question 40

LGBTQ+ - changing values & attitudes
however…

Answer 40

• 1 in 5 LGBT people and 2 in t trans people experience hate crime