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campaigns affecting policy development Flashcards

1
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
child sex offender disclosure scheme

A
  • allows parents, caters, or guardians to formally ask the police if a convicted sex offender has contact with their child
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2
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
campaign followed…

A
  • the abduction and murder in July 2000 of 8-year-old Sarah Payne by Roy Whiting
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3
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
Whiting had…

A

been convicted in 1995 of abducting and indecently assaulting another 8yo girl

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4
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
what did the News of The World publish?

A
  • name and shame articles which named sex offenders and where they lived
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5
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
news of the world backed…

A
  • by Sarah’s parents who had been convinced from the start that a sex offender murdered their daughter
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6
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
NOTW - this was …

A
  • confirmed when Whiting was convicted of the crime in 2001 and it was revealed that he has a previous conviction of a sexual offence against a child
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7
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
NOTW promised

A
  • to continue until it revealed the identity of every paedophile in Britain
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8
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
government…

A
  • introduced the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme throughout England and Wales in 2011
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9
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
Home Office Ministers…

A
  • said it was successful as 60 children had been protected
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10
Q

NEWSPAPERS - SARAH’S LAW
however…

A
  • anyone can ask the police if someone in contact with their child has a record of child sexual offences
  • police aren’t obliged to disclose this and will only do so if they judge that the child is at risk of harm
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11
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
the year and a day rule is…

A
  • an ancient rule that states if an assault lived fo 366 days or more, their attacker would not be charged with anything more than GBH
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12
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
Michael Gibson

A
  • was assaulted by David Clark in 1992
  • he died after being in a coma for 22 months
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13
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
Clark

A
  • would only be charged with GBH
  • jailed for 2 years; he was free before Michael died
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14
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
Michael’s mother

A
  • Pat Gibson sought to change the law that dated back to 1278
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15
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
The Northern Echo

A
  • launched the Justice for Michael campaign urging its readers to sign a petition demanding that the rule be repealed
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16
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
1994

A
  • local MP Alan Milburn introduced a bill into the HoC to scrap the rule
  • it was narrowly defeated
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17
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
following the…

A
  • delivery of N.E petition to the Law Commission, a bill was passed by Parliament to become the 1996 Law Reform (year and a day rule) Act
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18
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
the newspapers…

A
  • role was vital in achieving success by mobilising public support
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19
Q

NEWSPAPERS - YEAR AND A DAY RULE
its editor said…

A

‘people were getting away with murder because the law was an ass. Newspapers have to do what they can to bring the law up to date’

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20
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
double jeopardy law is

A
  • english common law
  • a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice
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21
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
Julie Hogg…

A
  • was murdered by Billie Dunlop in 1989
22
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
Dunlop…

A
  • was acquitted when 2 juries failed to reach a verdict
23
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
by convention…

A
  • if 2 juries failed to reach a verdict, prosecutors drop the case
24
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
in 1998

A
  • Dunlop was convicted for a savage attack on a former lover and he admitted to a prison guard that he murdered Julie
25
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
He was…

A
  • convicted of perjury and was sentenced for 6 years imprisonment
  • no action taken for the murder because of the DJ law
26
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
Ann Ming…

A
  • campaigned for a change in law by lobbying politicians and using the press, TV, and radio to publicise the case
27
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
as a result of her Justice for Julie campaign…

A
  • the Criminal Justice Act 2003 was created
28
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
CJA 2003…

A
  • changed the doubly jeopardy term to be “new and compelling evidence”
  • and if the Director of Prosecutions give the go-ahead and only one re-trial is permitted
29
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
in 2003

A
  • Dunlop was found guilty for the murder of Julie
30
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
the new law

A
  • secured 13 convictions, including Stephen Lawrence’s killers
31
Q

INDIVIDUAL - JULIE
however…

A
  • it took 17 years to succeed
32
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
2009

A
  • 36 yo Clare Wood was beaten, raped, and strangled and her body set on fire by George Appleton (former relationship with)
33
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
unbeknown to clare….

A
  • he had a history of convictions for violence against women
34
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
Clare’s father…

A
  • Michael Brown found out after the relationship ended that she had made several complaints alleging that Appleton had tried to rape her but police did not take action
35
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
Michael…

A
  • launched a campaign to change the law to enable women to know about their partner’s violent past
36
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
aided by…

A
  • Michelle Livesey who was a chief reporter at Radio Key 103
  • worked for 4 years gathering evidence , organising petitions and winning support from charities, politicians, and the media for a change in law
37
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
2013

A
  • ## succeeded when the government introduced a pilot scheme in 4 police areas
38
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
following this success…

A
  • the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (DVDS) was rolled across all 43 police forces in England and Wales
39
Q

INDIVIDUAL - CLARES LAW
2 procedures the police can use…

A
  • right to ask allows a person to apply to the police to disclose information
  • right to know allows the police to disclose information to protect a potential victim, even without having been asked to do so
40
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
they focus…

A
  • on state-related deaths
  • people in police custody, prison, immigration detention centres, and psychiatric case
41
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
has been involved with

A
  • Grenfell Tower 2017
42
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
it stated on its website…

A

“this work informs our policy, parliamentary, campaigning and media work to ensure the legal processes can deliver the truth, effect meaningful cultural change and prevent future deaths”

43
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
case work

A
  • carries out case work to support bereaved people so they can establish the truth about a death that has occurred whilst someone was in care of the state
44
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
accountability

A
  • aims to ensure the state institutions are held accountable when they fail to safeguard those in their care
45
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
spreads…

A
  • the lessons learnt in these investigations to prevent future death
46
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
gathers…

A
  • evidence from casework
  • conducts research
  • uses info to press public bodies to change their policies
47
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
successful campaigns (IPCC)

A
  • set up the Independent Police Complaints Commission
  • investigates serious complaints and allegations of misconduct against the police
48
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
successful campaigns (extending)

A
  • the 2007 Corporate Manslaughter Act
  • cover deaths in the custody of public authorities
49
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
still campaigns for…

A
  • equal funding for bereaved families at inquests into-state related deaths
  • legal costs for public bodies are funded by the state but families have to pay their own costs
50
Q

PRESSURE - INQUEST
they also…

A
  • a hillsborough law to make it a crime for senior police officers to cover up institutional and individual families

criminology (13 decks)

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