Social Challanges & Opportunities In Rio

Question 1

SC - Key Terms

Answer 1

Natural increase
Natural decrease
Sanitation
Social opportunities 
Brownfield site
Dereliction
Greenfield sites

Question 2

SC2 - clear points
Outline the key points about the (Op) opportunities and (Ch) challenges available concerning 
- healthcare
- education
- water supply 
- energy

Answer 2

•Healthcare (Op) there is a healthcare availability (small, but there). // (Ch) lack of money; medicine; equipment; staff; knowledge
•Education (Op) education in Brazil is compulsory for children aged 6-14. // (Ch) shortage of near by schools; lack of money and need to work; shortage of teachers; low paid teacher
•Water supply (Op) 7 new water treatment plants were built and more pipes were laid (1998-2014)
By 2014, 95% of the population had mains water supply. (Ch) 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud, and illegal access. Around 12% of rios population did not have access to running water
•energy (Op) putting in new power lines (Ch) favelas - don’t have generators coz ovs illegal land, do if power cut there will be no back ups…

Question 3

SC4 - evidence from own named examples (Rio)

Answer 3

• Corruption (fraud) has lead to government funding; lack of funding impacts life expectancy; life expectancy is at it’s lowest.
• Some classes were cancelled in 2015 due to violence. This often associates the people living in the favelas
• Suffer drought; empty reservoirs; severe water shortages
• 55% of the city had a local health clinic meaning people that live in the west zone (favelas) DONT have good health care.
• Education in Brazil is compulsory for children ages 6-14
• around 12% of rios population didnt have access to running water
• 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.
• £ new water treatment plants were built and more pipes were laid (1998-2014). By 3014, 95% of the population had mains power supply.
• rio is currently responsible for 6% of the country’s employment (page 7)
• unemployment rates are as high as 20%
• most employment is poorly paid with irregular jobs in the informal sector
• average homes may pay less than £75 a month
• there is a high murder rate of 20 per 1000 people in many favelas
• there are high population densities of 37000 per km^2
• infant mortality rates (people who die under the age of one) are as high as 50 per 1000
• many favelas are built on steep slopes -> heavy rain can cause landslides: in 2010, 224 people were killed and 13000 lost homes
• in the non improved favelas, over 30% have no electricity and around 50% have now sewage connections