social categorization Flashcards
what is the problem with categorization?
It can invoke stereotypes
What is the benefit of categorization?
It saves time
What was rosenthal and jacobsons experiment about categorization
Children were tested at the beginning of the year, given an IQ test\
20% of children randomly selected and their teacher were told they were potential bloomers, however theft did not do any better on the test
When they retook the tests at the end of the year, that 20% did show the greatest academic gains
A stereotype was planted in the teachers mind
What is self fulfilling prophecy?
When we act on our initial impressions of others in a way that makes their behaviour conform to our expectations
What is correlational illusions?
Our tendency to perceive relationships between entities that we think should be related but are in fact not
What is the in group vs out group bias?
People who are like us vs people who are not like us
What is the homegeneity effect?
the tendency to see members of the outgroup as being similar to one another
What si in group favouritism?
the tendency to see our own group as being better on all dimensions and to allocate more resources to them
What is the minimal group paradigm?
Strangers divided into groups based on trivial dimensions
Assign more positive qualities and award more resources to those who are like them
What are moderating variables?
Help account for a relationship, make it stronger or weaker
What is attitude accessibility?
The strength of the association between an object and your evaluation of it
If an attitude is highly accessible, than it increases the likelihood that we will act in a way consistent with the attitude
What is the importance of attitudes?
Does it affect your fundamental values
What is existance of social pressures
Are other persistent who are pressuring you to act a certain way
what is personal and direct experience?
Is this something you have directly experienced, or is it more of an abstract concept
what is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to overestimate the importance if dispositional factors relative to situational factors when describing the causes of other behaviour
what is actor observer bias?
The tendency for actors to attribute their own actions to situational factors, whereas observers attribute the same actions to stable personality disposition of actors
What is self bias?
Broadly, these are bises that help maintain or enhance our view of ourselves
what is egocentric thought?
The tendency to perceive ourselves as more central to events than is actually the case
What is self serving bias?
The tendency to make dispositional attributions for our successes and situational attributions for our failures
