Prejudice Flashcards
What are the three components of prejudice?
Affective, cignitive, behavioural
What is the affective compoenent?
Dislike of the outgroup
What is the cognitive component?
Attribution of negative qualities to the outgroup
What is the behavioural component?
Hostile action to the outgroup
What is explicit porejudice?
Conscious and intentional
What is implicit prejudice?
Unconcious and often barely perceptible
What is hostile sexism?
holding stereotypical views of women that suggest women are inferior to men
What are the four types of exclusion (according to Volfs)?
Elimination
Assimilation
Domination
Abandonment
What is prejudice based on?
Stereotypes. Generalizing characteristics, motives, or behaviours to an entire group of people
What is the ultimate attribution error?
Our tendency to make negative dispositional attributions about members in an outgroup
What is stereotype threat?
Apprehension is felt by members of a minority group that they might confirm an existing negative cultural stereotype
What was Krendels study on Stereotype threat.
Women completed difficult math problems while in an fMRI scan
½ of women reminded of gender stereotypes about women and math, while ½ not reminded
Group reminded of stereotypes: Activation in ventral anterior cingulat cortex
Group not reminded: Activation in regions associated with math learning
Conclusion: vaCC associated with socioemotional processing
What is de facto segregation?
Society is structured such that we have reduced exposure to people of different races and ages
Tendency to show in group favouritism
Tendency to view the outgroup as all “being the same”
What is categorical thinking?
Individuals in the in group are looked at on a personal level, whereas members of an outgroup looked at on a categorical level
What is scapegoating?
The process of blaming a relatively powerless innocent person for something that is not their fault
EX. People blaming Jews for the Black Death
What is dispositional prejudice?
Individual differences in terms of how naturally prejudiced people are
Those with authoritarian personalities are particularly predisposed attitudes
What was the baby doll experiment?
Black children raised in the deep south picked the white doll because of instilled racism
They identified they were more like the black doll but prefered the white doll
What is direct transmission of attitudes?
Verbal response to other races. Ex. “It is better to hae friends of your own race”
What is internal transmission of attitudes?
You dont directly say anything prejudiced, but create an environment that discourages contact with people of other races
What does Piaget say about prejudice
Children are active agents in their own development
Not just passive receptacles
They look for statistical regularities and rules of their environment
What can i say, what can i not say
Attuned to information relevant for categorization
By what age can infants categorize people
9 months, however these categories dont guide their preferences
what is the gift giving paradigm?
There was one person of their race, and one person not of their race, and one gift. The 9 month old showed no particular preference on who theygave it too
When do children start to show preferences
3 years: Perfer same ex peers
4 years: prefer same race peers
What happens to prejudice in preschool and early elementary years?
In group favourtism and explicit biases peak
They begin toplace people into schemas
What happens to prejudice in middle childhood?
Begin to see a decline in explicit prejudice
What happens to prejudice in adolecense?
Degree of prejudice based on the home the teen was rasied in
What is contact hypothesis?
Putting people of different backgrounds into contact with each other will reduce prejudice
What is equal status contact?
One group cannot have the upper hand for contact hypothesis to work
What is sense of inevitability?
In order for contact hypothesis to work, all groups need to be of the belief that they are going to come into contact no matter what
What is mutual interdependance?
Situation where people have to work together in order to accomplish a goal
Why are jigsaw classrooms effective?
in reducing competition and fostering cooperation between students
Each student in the group is responsible for teaching their group matess about a smaller section of their topic
What is extended contact hypothesis?
imply observing a member of an ingroup positively interacting with someone of the outgroup can lead to increased acceptance and liking of the out group
Suggests that prejudice reduction might be possible even without direct contact
