Aggression Flashcards
What is an aggressive action?
an intentional behaviour aimed at causing either physical or psychological pain to another person
What are the three types of aggressive actions?
Physical- direct physical injury
Verbal- threats, name calling
Relational- Social exclusion, gossip, friendship manipulation
What is Hostile aggression?
any type of harm doing that aries out of negative emotions such as anger, frustration, or hatred
What is Instrumental Aggression?
any type of harm doing that is motivated by goals other than hurting the target
What is proactive aggression?
Attacking another person to fulfill a need or desire
What is reactive aggression
An angry, defensive response to a provocation; meant to hurt another person. responding to someone elses aggression
What are Freuds two basic human drives?
Eros= The life instinct (Survival, pleasure, reproduction)
Thanatos= The death instinct (Aggression, violence, self destructive behaviour)
Explain Anderson and Bushmans general aggression model.
Aggression is the result of a chain of psychological processes including situational events, aggressive thoughts and feelings, and interpretations of the situation.
What are the 3 internal states that can arise from a situation?
Affect, cognition, arousal. From there you make a decision of how you respond
What are hormonal theories of aggression?
testosterone is related to aggression.
What are evolutionary theories of aggression?
Aggression promotes survival, It is innate and adaptive, and secures our survival.
What is the frustration aggression hypothesis
Frustration is thought to be the consequence of frustration. When a persons efforts to obtain adesired goal are interfered with or otherwise blocked
What was the case of the woman’s fitness center shooting?
A man came and shot up a womans fitness center. He talked in great deatil on his blog about women
What did Geen’s (1968) study reveal about frustration and aggression?
Study Setup: Participants acted as teachers in a learning study and could shock the learner for wrong answers.
Conditions:
Impossible Puzzle: Task frustration.
Possible Puzzle, Distracted: Personal frustration from the learner’s interference.
Finished Puzzle, Insulted: Anger from the learner’s insult.
Finished Puzzle Alone: Control.
Dependent Variable (DV): Number of shocks delivered to the learner.
Results:
Control (not frustrated): ~2.5 shocks.
Frustrated: ~5 shocks.
Insulted: ~6 shocks.
Conclusion: Frustration increases aggression, especially when paired with anger-inducing insults.
what are some limintaions of the frustration-aggression theory?
Assumes that frustration is the only cause of aggression
Assumes aggression is always directed at the person who caused frustration
Assumes that aggression releives frustration and reduces aggression
What is excitation transfer?
Proposes that emotional arousal leads to aggression
What is social learning theory?
Developed by Bandura. We learn our aggressive behaviours by watching and modeling others
What is Cognitive Neoassociation model?
posits that adversive events activate schemas for either the fight or flight response
What is a schema?
basic unit of knowledhe; an organized way of making sense of the world
What is the correlational data of violence and the media?
Positive relationship between number of hours spent watching violent television and number of aggressive acts in children
What is the role of punishment in reducing aggression?
Severe punishment may temporarily be effective; however, it can often have the opposite result
Punishment tends to result in compliance but not internalization
What role does punsihing aggressive models
If we see someone else punsihed for an aggressive act, we will be less likely to be aggressive ourselves
can be somewhat effcetive, but probablly is best to avoid the aggressive model all together
What is the role of rewarding alternative bahviours?
rewarding behaviours that are non aggressive and ignoring aggressive behaviours
What is the role of builing empathy?
individual differenced in this ability, but practicing this skill may reduce propensity to aggression in the future
