Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Behavior > Social behavior and Altruism > Flashcards

Social behavior and Altruism Flashcards

1
Q

What are benefits of sociality? (6)

A
  1. Dilution effect. 2. Hamilton’s Selfish Herd Principle. 3. Increased detection of predators. 4. Mutual defense. 5. Thermoregulation. 6. Cooperative hunting.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the costs of sociality? (4)

A
  1. Dominant subordinate interactions. 2. Food competition. 3. Parasites/Disease. 4. Infanticide.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the dilution effect?

A

The chance of an individual being captured by a predator decreases as group size increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Hamilton’s Selfish Herd Principle?

A

Animals closer to the center of the group are more protected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three levels of social interaction?

A
  1. Solitary. 2. Gregarious. 3. Social.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the social interaction rule of solitary social interaction?

A

“Don’t come near me unless it’s mating season.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do animals with gregarious social interaction aggregate for more than one activity (mating)?

A

Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference between gregarious social interaction and social social interaction?

A

Animals with gregarious social interaction do not have rules and do not maintain a stable group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do animals with social social interaction have a stable group?

A

Yes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do animals with gregarious social interaction social interaction rules?

A

No.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the social interaction rules for animals in social social levels? (3)

A
  1. Kinship. 2. Individual recognition. 3. Maintenance of relationships through interactions with members of the group.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is postponed cooperation?

A

A eventually gets access to resources controlled by B because of previous help.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

B directly pays back A for previous aid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is spite?

A

A reduces its reproductive success in order to harm B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is adaptive altruism?

A

The initial direct fitness sacrifice made by A, leads to indirect fitness gains for B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is deceit and manipulation?

A

B exploits or manipulates A in ways that harm A, but benefits B.

17
Q

What is a selfish type of social interaction?

A

Donor benefits at expense of recipient.

18
Q

How would a selfish type of social interaction evolve?

A

Small % of selfish individuals, doesn’t fully interfere with RS of species.

19
Q

What is a mutualistic type of social interaction?

A

Both donor and recipient benefit.

20
Q

How would a mutualistic type of social interaction evolve?

A

Cooperation—both actors receive benefits they couldn’t attain without help.

21
Q

What characteristics define a reciprocity type social interaction? (4)

A
  1. Highly social. 2. Good memory. 3. Long lifespan. 4. Low dispersal—both eventually benefit.
22
Q

How would a reciprocity type social interaction evolve?

A

Discrimination against cheaters, repayment opportunity, individual recognition.

23
Q

Referring to the coefficient of relatedness, what is r?

A

Fraction of genes shared between two individuals.

24
Q

What is the fraction of genes shared between parent-offspring?

A

r=0.5.

25
Q

What is the fraction of genes shared between siblings?

A

r=0.5.

26
Q

What is the fraction of genes shared between Aunt/Uncle-Niece-nephew?

A

r=0.25.

27
Q

What is the fraction of genes shared between Grandparent-grandchild?

A

r=0.25.

28
Q

What are the four ways to identify kin?

A
  1. Location. 2. Familiarity. 3. Phenotype matching. 4. Recognition alleles.
29
Q

What is the location mechanism for identifying kin?

A

Animals consider animals living in close proximity to the in-group.

30
Q

What is the familiarity mechanism for identifying kin?

A

Animals imprint on the individuals they are raised with.

31
Q

What is the phenotype matching mechanism for identifying kin?

A

Match a learned family image (feather pattern, etc) or maternal labeling.

32
Q

What is the recognition alleles mechanism for identifying kin?

A

MHC, mediates kin recognition—likely through odor.

33
Q

What is the effect of the location mechanism for identifying kin on the probability of altruistic behavior?

A

Increases in areas where relatives may be found.

34
Q

What is the effect of the familiarity mechanism for identifying kin on the probability of altruistic behavior?

A

Increase toward familiar, decrease toward unfamiliar.

35
Q

What is the effect of the phenotype matching mechanism for identifying kin on the probability of altruistic behavior?

A

Increase toward those with same maternal label/family image.

36
Q

What is the effect of the recognition alleles mechanism for identifying kin on the probability of altruistic behavior?

A

Increase toward similar MHC class.

Animal Behavior (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions