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Animal Behavior > Mating Systems > Flashcards

Mating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Polygyny?

A

One male and many females.

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2
Q

What is the most common mating system?

A

Polygyny.

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3
Q

When is polygyny more likely?

A

When females group.

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4
Q

According to the Vole study, when did males distribute? When males distributed, what occurred?

A

After the females did. When males distributed, it had no effect on females.

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5
Q

Which mating system did the Vole experiment studying distribution provide evidence for?

A

Polygyny.

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6
Q

In a polygynous mating system is male reproductive fitness more or less variable?

A

More.

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7
Q

What are the types of polygyny mating systems? (4)

A
  1. Female defense polygyny. 2. Resource-defense polygyny. 3. Scramble Competition. 4. Lek Polygyny.
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8
Q

What is female defense polygyny? (3)

A
  1. Males fight for access to females. 2. Females are clustered or herded. 3. High variance in male RS.
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9
Q

What is Resource-defense polygyny? (3)

A
  1. Males have resource-rich territory to attract females. 2. Best (most fit) males have best resources/territories. 3. Female resources can be clumped.
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10
Q

What is scramble competition? (4)

A
  1. Females are widely dispersed/breeding season is highly compressed. 2. Little direct competition between males. 3. Males do not need to defend females or territories. 4. Need to remember location of females.
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11
Q

Does scramble competition include explosive breeding?

A

Yes.

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12
Q

What is Lek Polygyny? Do males provide any parental care? (2)

A
  1. Males defend territories that contain no resources for females and are created on traditional display sites, Leks. 2. Males do not provide any parental care.
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13
Q

What animal does Lek Polygyny?

A

Peacocks.

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14
Q

Where on Leks are the chances for mating the best?

A

At the center of the Lek.

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15
Q

What are the two theories on why males aggregate in Leks?

A
  1. Hotspot theory. 2. Hotshot theory.
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16
Q

What is the Hotspot theory?

A

Males cluster because females are bound to travel along certain routes that intersect.

17
Q

What is the Hotshot theory?

A

Subordinate males cluster around a “hotshot” to which females are attracted.

18
Q

Does the hotspot or the hotshot theory have more evidence?

A

The hotshot theory has more evidence.

19
Q

What is polyandry?

A

Females control access to (and mate with) more than 1 male.

20
Q

Is polyandry rare or common?

A

Rare.

21
Q

In polyandry, do males perform parental care on their own?

A

Yes.

22
Q

Why does polyandry exist? (2)

A
  1. Females may be more limited by access to mates than by production of gametes. 2. Can be plastic based on the operational sex ratio.
23
Q

When is monogamy more likely to occur?

A

When food resources are scatterd and nest sites scarse.

24
Q

In monogamy, who gives parental care?

A

Both parents.

25
Q

Is monogamy in nature more social or genetic?

A

Social; they form pair bonds.

26
Q

Do pair bonds occur in genetic monogamy?

A

No.

27
Q

What are the hypotheses for monogamy? (3)

A
  1. Mate-guarding monogamy. 2. Mate-assistance monogamy. 3. Female-enforced monogamy.
28
Q

What is the mate-guarding hypothesis for monogamy?

A

Difficult for a male to find another mate.

29
Q

What is the mate-assistance hypothesis for monogamy?

A

Male parental care significantly increase the probability that the offspring will survive.

30
Q

What is the female-enforced hypothesis for monogamy?

A

Female inhibits males ability to interact with other females.

31
Q

What are the main reasons why females would mate with other males?

A
  1. Genetic benefits polyandry. 2. Material benefits polyandry.
32
Q

What are the hypotheses for why females mate with other males based on genetic benefits? (3)

A
  1. Fertility insurance hypothesis. 2. Good genes hypothesis. 3. Genetic compatibility hypothesis.
33
Q

What are the hypotheses for why females mate with other males based on material benefits? (3)

A
  1. More resources hypothesis. 2. Better protection hypothesis. 3. Infanticide reduction hypothesis.

Animal Behavior (11 decks)

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