Social Area- Pilivan

Question 1

Background

Answer 1

Following the kitty genovase case, psychologists began to investigate why people fail to help someone in need
Daney and butane set up an experiment where people believed to hear a seizure on the phone, results concluded that more people present the less people reported the seizure

Question 2

Bystander apathy definition

Answer 2

Where people fail to act and help someone in need when others are present

Question 3

Diffusion of repsonbility

Answer 3

Where there is a victim and lots of bystanders are present. The responsibility for helping is shared between all bystanders so each individual doesn’t feel enough responsibility to help

Question 4

4 aims of the experiment

Answer 4

1) would an ill person receive more help than a drunk person
2) would people help same race before helping other race
3) if a model helped victim would others be encouraged to help
4) would number of bystanders present influence how much help is given

Question 5

Research method

Answer 5

Field experiment

Question 6

Independent variables

Answer 6

Victim conditions: drunk or Ill & black or white

Model conditions: late(150 secs) or early(70 secs) critical area

Late(150 secs) or early (70 secs) adjacent area

Question 7

Dependant variables

Answer 7

How quick the victim received help

Question 8

Procedure

Answer 8

Staged a series of emergencies on New York subway, same train which had a period of a 71/2 minute captive audience. Carried out on weekdays 11-3
Four teams of students made up of: victim, model and 2 observers
They would board the train, then 70 seconds into the journey the victim would collapse

Question 9

Explanation of the victim

Answer 9

Male, dressed in jacket, old trousers and no tie.
Aged between 26-35
3 white, 1 black

Question 10

In how many trials was the victim drunk?

Answer 10

38

Question 11

In how many trials was the victim injured with a cane?

Answer 11

65

Question 12

Why was there an imbalance in trials

Answer 12

Because In one group the student didn’t like playing the drunk, so did cane trials instead

Question 13

Description of model

Answer 13

White male, wore informal clothes

Question 14

In which part of the train was the victim in?

Answer 14

Critical area

Question 15

Explanation of observers and what they did

Answer 15

Two female observes sat in adjacent area:
1 recorded sex, race & location in adjacent area along with time taken for help to be received
1 recorded sex, race & location in critical area along with no of people who helped victim

Question 16

Controls

Answer 16

Same train
70 seconds in they collapse
Same gender observer, model and victim
Male victim dressed same

Question 17

Sample and sampling method

Answer 17

Passengers on the train, opportunity sampling

Question 18

Findings

Answer 18

Ill victim received help 95% of time
Drunk victim revived help 50% of time

Race didn’t have large affect on who helped who

Models rarely needed as public helped quickly-area doesn’t effect help received

No of bystanders made no difference

Question 19

Qualitative findings

Answer 19

More comments made about drunk victim than ill

Question 20

Conclusions

Answer 20

No diffusion of responsibility
Size of group made no difference to how much help victim received
Arousal reduced by leaving or helping

Question 21

Explanation of the results

Answer 21

Passengers trapped on train and couldn’t leave situation
Clear to bystanders what the situation was unlike kitty genovase situation
Arousal removed by cost reward model

Question 22

Ethnocentrism

Answer 22

New York heterogenous city so lacks ethnocentrism, however not every culture was included

Question 23

Ethics

Answer 23

Confidential- no names just sex and race
Not psychically harmed
No informed consent
Stress seeing someone harmed

Question 24

Internal reliability

Answer 24

Same procedure carried out 103 times, therefore standardised

Question 25

External reliability

Answer 25

103 trials is enough to get consistent results

Size of group large enough to achieve reliable findings, 4450 participants

Question 26

Construct validity

Answer 26

It looked at individual behaviours not just responses to people in need

Question 27

Population Validity

Answer 27

Generalisable due to diversity of passangers

Question 28

Ecological validity

Answer 28

Takes place in real life situation

Question 29

How does it link to social area

Answer 29

Social area claims biggest influence on behaviour is the people around us, it investigates the impact of other people on behaviour, focusing on how the differing victim or model intervening can increase or decrease amount of people who help