Social and emotional development: L12 Flashcards
define self concept
a conceptual system made up of one’s thoughts and attitudes about one’s self
-> physical being, social characteristics and internal characteristics
“I” self definition
self as knower, actor; inner life not accessible to others
“me” self definition (3)
object of evaluation
- material - what is mine
- social - you have as many social selves as people who know you
- spiritual - enduring and intimate part of self
what purpose does self concept serve?
Markus & Nurius
essential for regulation of ALL behaviour
- lense for interpreting stimuli
- self expectations, goals, guide behaviour
Desire Action Belief
how does self concept develop over time?
- thoughts and attitudes about self
- complexities of the “material”, “social” and “spiritual” selves
self concept over time:
- toddlerhood
- early childhood
- middle childhood
- early adolescence
- 1-2 y/o, pronouns & body control
- 3-5 y/o, unrealistic abilities (i can fly)
- 6-9 y/o, comparing oneself socially
- conflicting descriptors (im shy in this setting but loud in a different setting)
define identity
a description of self often externally imposed e.g. through a membership/group
-> a person sense of who they are, where and how they belong, values and directions they wish to pursue
identity vs identity confusion
- how does identity develop
- how is it achieved
- across different domains
2. exploration + commitment
name 4 status in identity formation
- identity diffusion
- moratorium
- foreclosure
- identity achievement
define identity diffusion
-> symptoms
- not exploring, not committing
- not ideal for long term
- early adolescence
- > depression, risky behaviour, apathy
define moratorium
-> symptoms
- exploring, not committing
- necessary for exploring alternatives
- overwhelming
- not always possible (money)
- > positive self esteem, critical thinking
define foreclosure
-> symptoms
- not exploring, committing
- typically accepted in cultures & families
- > intolerance, inflexibility, difference of opinion as a threat
define identity achievement
-> symptoms
- exploring, committing
- rewarding, difficult to achieve, not permanent
- > positive self-esteem, critical thinking, advanced moral reasoning
define ethical identity (2)
- sense of belonging to an ethnic group
2. the degree to which a person associates their thinking, feelings, perceptions & behaviour to the group
“phases” of ethnic identity (4)
-> are these linear or sequential progression?
- diffusion
- moratorium
- foreclosure
- achievement
-> neither, they are interchangeable and people can move freely between
ethnic identity: diffusion
- not explored ethnic identity
- not committed
ethnic identity: moratorium
- exploration of ethnic group (or other ethnic groups)
- not committed
ethnic identity: foreclosure
- not explored ethnic identity but strongly committed
ethnic identity: achievement
- exploration of ethnic group (or others)
- conscious commitment
What helps the development of cultural identity?
- living in a multicultural place
- living in a minority culture encourages thought about cultural identity more
How does ethnic identity relate to self-esteem?
-positively related (self esteem can be increased by strengthening ethnic identity)
immigrant youth: acculturation, identity and adaptation
4
- separation ethnic: high ethnic, low national
- marginalisation diffuse: low ethnic, low national
- integration achieved: high both national & ethnic
- assimilation national: high national, low ethnic
immigrant youth: best group for psychological & social adaptation Study: Berry (2006)
5,300 partic (13-18)
13 countries
ethnic id questionnaire
separation ethnic = ^ psych, low social
integration achieved = ^ psych & social
marginalisation diffuse = low psych & social
Assimilation national= low psych, - social
= integration
-> provide ways to strengthen ethnic AND national identity
