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Developmental Psychology > Social and emotional development: L12 > Flashcards

Social and emotional development: L12 Flashcards

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1
Q

define self concept

A

a conceptual system made up of one’s thoughts and attitudes about one’s self
-> physical being, social characteristics and internal characteristics

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2
Q

“I” self definition

A

self as knower, actor; inner life not accessible to others

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3
Q

“me” self definition (3)

A

object of evaluation

  1. material - what is mine
  2. social - you have as many social selves as people who know you
  3. spiritual - enduring and intimate part of self
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4
Q

what purpose does self concept serve?

Markus & Nurius

A

essential for regulation of ALL behaviour

  1. lense for interpreting stimuli
  2. self expectations, goals, guide behaviour

Desire Action Belief

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5
Q

how does self concept develop over time?

A
  • thoughts and attitudes about self

- complexities of the “material”, “social” and “spiritual” selves

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6
Q

self concept over time:

  1. toddlerhood
  2. early childhood
  3. middle childhood
  4. early adolescence
A
  1. 1-2 y/o, pronouns & body control
  2. 3-5 y/o, unrealistic abilities (i can fly)
  3. 6-9 y/o, comparing oneself socially
  4. conflicting descriptors (im shy in this setting but loud in a different setting)
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7
Q

define identity

A

a description of self often externally imposed e.g. through a membership/group

-> a person sense of who they are, where and how they belong, values and directions they wish to pursue

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8
Q

identity vs identity confusion

  1. how does identity develop
  2. how is it achieved
A
  1. across different domains

2. exploration + commitment

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9
Q

name 4 status in identity formation

A
  1. identity diffusion
  2. moratorium
  3. foreclosure
  4. identity achievement
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10
Q

define identity diffusion

-> symptoms

A
  • not exploring, not committing
  • not ideal for long term
  • early adolescence
  • > depression, risky behaviour, apathy
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11
Q

define moratorium

-> symptoms

A
  • exploring, not committing
  • necessary for exploring alternatives
  • overwhelming
  • not always possible (money)
  • > positive self esteem, critical thinking
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12
Q

define foreclosure

-> symptoms

A
  • not exploring, committing
  • typically accepted in cultures & families
  • > intolerance, inflexibility, difference of opinion as a threat
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13
Q

define identity achievement

-> symptoms

A
  • exploring, committing
  • rewarding, difficult to achieve, not permanent
  • > positive self-esteem, critical thinking, advanced moral reasoning
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14
Q

define ethical identity (2)

A
  1. sense of belonging to an ethnic group

2. the degree to which a person associates their thinking, feelings, perceptions & behaviour to the group

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15
Q

“phases” of ethnic identity (4)

-> are these linear or sequential progression?

A
  1. diffusion
  2. moratorium
  3. foreclosure
  4. achievement

-> neither, they are interchangeable and people can move freely between

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16
Q

ethnic identity: diffusion

A
  • not explored ethnic identity

- not committed

17
Q

ethnic identity: moratorium

A
  • exploration of ethnic group (or other ethnic groups)

- not committed

18
Q

ethnic identity: foreclosure

A
  • not explored ethnic identity but strongly committed
19
Q

ethnic identity: achievement

A
  • exploration of ethnic group (or others)

- conscious commitment

20
Q

What helps the development of cultural identity?

A
  • living in a multicultural place

- living in a minority culture encourages thought about cultural identity more

21
Q

How does ethnic identity relate to self-esteem?

A

-positively related (self esteem can be increased by strengthening ethnic identity)

22
Q

immigrant youth: acculturation, identity and adaptation

4

A
  1. separation ethnic: high ethnic, low national
  2. marginalisation diffuse: low ethnic, low national
  3. integration achieved: high both national & ethnic
  4. assimilation national: high national, low ethnic
23
Q

immigrant youth: best group for psychological & social adaptation Study: Berry (2006)

A

5,300 partic (13-18)
13 countries
ethnic id questionnaire

separation ethnic = ^ psych, low social
integration achieved = ^ psych & social
marginalisation diffuse = low psych & social
Assimilation national= low psych, - social

= integration

-> provide ways to strengthen ethnic AND national identity

Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

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