Development within the family: L15 Flashcards
the family as a dynamic system
- parts of the system are also their own systems
- change to one part changes the relationships between the parts + entire system
dynamic system model of family resilience
- > distressful event occurs
- event triggers change in relationships
family resilience, how do families strengthen in the face of a distressful event? (3)
- family belief system
- family structure/ organisation
- communication
- belief system
- making meaning of event
- hopeful outlook
- transcendence
- family organisation
- flexible structure (share roles)
- connectedness
- external support
- communication
- clear information about event
- emotional sharing
- collaborative problem solving
family matters most for development
look at birth order
Peers matter most for development
look at peer network, amount of time spent with peers compared to family
4 types of parent-attachment
- secure
- insecure resistant
- insecure avoidant
- disorganised
what is parent-child attachment?
emotional bond enduring across time and contexts
parental-attachment serves 3 purposes
- security (confidence to explore)
- survival (food)
- co-regulation (of emotions)
influence of parent-child attachment on child’s development:
1. pre-attachment
0-6weeks
child = innate signals caregiver = responds to innate signals, comforts
- attachment in the making
6w -8m
child = shows preference for familiar people adult = responds to infant's needs, builds trust
- clear-cut attachment
- 1.5y
child = actively seeks caregiver contact caregiver = secure base, facilitate exploration
- reciprocal relationships
1.5 y +
child = recognises caregivers feelings caregiver = mutual regulation, working partnership
child-care and family predictors of attachment study
- info
- results
- 1140 us families, data collected at 15 & 36 months
2. no direct relationship between the quality of child-care & attachment
What did affected attachment in the study?
- quality of relationship between mother and child
- low SES &/or low maternal sensitivity = insecure attachment
- low SES / maternal sensitivity + low quality of childcare = insecure attachment
- when high SES/ maternal sensitivity there was no effect on quality of childcare
the effects of attachment on social development:
- vary in continuity and changes for different children depending on mental health, personality
- mediated by child’s interpretation of the relationship
- better explained by parent-child discourse (child’s world is construct from what they are taught by parents)
Attachment on development conclusions
- probably doesn’t have a strong influence. insecure attachment doesn’t = negative consequences in the child’s future
- attachment is a reciprocal relationship between 2 people who are constantly changing
infant attachment and the onset of puberty study
- info
- results
- 363 females, data collected from 15m - 15 years
- link between attachment and physical development
-> secure & insecure attachment at 15m had different patterns of pubertal onset
insecure = onset earlier
secure = onset later
(not definitive, didn’t occur in all children)
Parent-infant attachment is influenced by
- family dynamics
- family circumstances
- caregivers characteristics
parent-child attachment has implications for
- social development
- psychological development
- physical development
siblings and development: conflict & rivalry
- typical
- problematic
- normal, frequent, important for learning conflict resolution, mental state talk (parents -> children)
- no conflict resolution, parents have marital conflict, parents are uninvolved, older sibling aggression
siblings and development: coalition 1. older siblings help 2. younger siblings help 3. both help
- socio-cognitive capacity, protection, teaching
- reciprocate behaviour, offer trust and respect
- prosocial behaviour, dealing with parents/other children
