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Developmental Psychology > Family variations: L16 > Flashcards

Family variations: L16 Flashcards

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1
Q

life-span development: according to Baltes, Reese and Lipsitt’s model an event is influenced by (3)

A
  1. normative age-related influences
  2. normative history-related influences
  3. non-normative influences
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2
Q

older parents: a changing cultural pattern

  1. non normative women
  2. non normative men
A
  • increasing parental age over time
    1. late = 40
    early = 90
    2. late = 45
    early = 21
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3
Q

older parents:

cultural causes & correlates (5)

A
  1. parental education
  2. competitive work force
  3. emerging adulthood (high demands on 20y/o today)
  4. scientific advances
  5. lower fertility = size of family declining
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4
Q

older parents: implications for children (6 positive, 2 negative)

A
  1. more financial security
  2. higher “status” career
  3. planned birth
  4. fewer children
  5. more resources
  6. relaxed parenting style
  7. less energy
  8. established career committments
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5
Q

younger parents: historical patterns

A
  • 15-19 y/o has always been an ‘experience’ but declined since 70s
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6
Q

younger parents: implications for parents & child (6 negative, 1 positive)

A
  1. SES/financial security
  2. unplanned birth
  3. risky behaviour
  4. health issues
  5. difficulties in education
  6. relationship issues
  7. family support
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7
Q

take away message:

  1. older parents (40+)
  2. younger parents (15-19)
A
    • becoming normative
      - better financial security
      - challenges: career commitments & energy
    • historically non-normative experience
      - access to family supports
      - can present financial, heath and educational issues
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8
Q

Falbo: how different are only-children’s experiences compared to first borns & other siblings?

  1. emotional dev
  2. social dev
  3. leadership
  4. academic perf
  5. self-esteem/motivation
A
  1. similar
  2. similar
  3. first born = similar, other sibling = advantage
  4. advantage for only children ONLY up until puberty (compared to first borns)
  5. advantage for only children (compared to first borns)
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9
Q

single-parent families definition

A
  • family system consisting of one caregiver and dependent child(ren)
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10
Q

single-parenting: performance + level of stress graph: 3 segments

A
  1. calm
  2. eustress
  3. distress
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11
Q

single-parenting graph:

3. distress segment

A
  • if sit within this for too long = reduced information processing, attention, memory, decision making and empathy
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12
Q

single-parenting graph:

what helps people move from distress -> eustress -> calm?

A
  • new strategies, skills and support
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13
Q

single-parenting graph: what kind of strain does divorce cause?

A
  1. social
  2. financial
  3. emotional
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14
Q

does same-sex parenting

  1. decreases
  2. no clear relationship
  3. increases
A
  1. child-parent conflict, gender confusion, emotional problems
  2. homosexuality, child-parent conflict, cognitive deficits, academic/emotional problems
  3. positive relationships w/parents, awareness of gender identities, emotional maturity
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15
Q

Same-sex parenting take away message

A
  • little-no evidence of negative/complicated effects on children
  • social, emotional, financial and stigma challenges
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16
Q

non-normative family influences: SES

1. low SES effects on family

A
  • neighbourhood safety
  • parent = protector + provider instead of teacher (as seen in high SES families)
  • economic stress
  • role of child = needs protecting + resources, less involved in their own decision making
17
Q

homelessness in Australia:

  1. 2016 ABS
  2. 2016-17 AIHW
A
  1. 116,427

2. 288,273

18
Q

causes of homelessness in Australia

A
  • 24% - domestic violence
  • 20% - financial issues
  • 16% - housing crisis
  • 11% - inappropriate dwellings
  • 8% - other relationship issues
19
Q

implications of homelessness for children

common issues

A
  • health
  • nutrition
  • social development
  • mental health
  • education
  • discrimination & stigma
20
Q

takeaway message: homelessness

A
  • can ha e substantial impact on children’s social, emotional, academic and physical development
  • is heterogeneous (diverse in its nature e.g unfit housing vs sleeping rough)
21
Q

why do siblings grow up with different outcomes? (4 reasons)

A
  1. genetic differences
  2. parents are at different life stages during child’s developmental milestones
  3. individuals interpret & react to the same event in different ways
  4. children create different worlds for themselves
22
Q

siblings different outcomes:

1. genetic differences

A

influences:

predisposition, temperament, vulnerabilities, personality

23
Q

siblings different outcomes:

2. parents different life stages

A

different skills, perspectives, motivations & parenting styles at different points in time

24
Q

siblings different outcomes:

3. individuals react in different ways

A

children interpret an event using their worldview and personal history
= varied responses to event

25
Q

siblings different outcomes:

4. different worlds created by child

A

children shape their world to reflect their developing sense of self and identity

26
Q

non-normative influences can? (2)

A
  1. shift over time to become normative

2. create unique challenges for families as well as opportunities for resilience & growth

Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

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