Family variations: L16 Flashcards
life-span development: according to Baltes, Reese and Lipsitt’s model an event is influenced by (3)
- normative age-related influences
- normative history-related influences
- non-normative influences
older parents: a changing cultural pattern
- non normative women
- non normative men
- increasing parental age over time
1. late = 40
early = 90
2. late = 45
early = 21
older parents:
cultural causes & correlates (5)
- parental education
- competitive work force
- emerging adulthood (high demands on 20y/o today)
- scientific advances
- lower fertility = size of family declining
older parents: implications for children (6 positive, 2 negative)
- more financial security
- higher “status” career
- planned birth
- fewer children
- more resources
- relaxed parenting style
- less energy
- established career committments
younger parents: historical patterns
- 15-19 y/o has always been an ‘experience’ but declined since 70s
younger parents: implications for parents & child (6 negative, 1 positive)
- SES/financial security
- unplanned birth
- risky behaviour
- health issues
- difficulties in education
- relationship issues
- family support
take away message:
- older parents (40+)
- younger parents (15-19)
- becoming normative
- better financial security
- challenges: career commitments & energy
- becoming normative
- historically non-normative experience
- access to family supports
- can present financial, heath and educational issues
- historically non-normative experience
Falbo: how different are only-children’s experiences compared to first borns & other siblings?
- emotional dev
- social dev
- leadership
- academic perf
- self-esteem/motivation
- similar
- similar
- first born = similar, other sibling = advantage
- advantage for only children ONLY up until puberty (compared to first borns)
- advantage for only children (compared to first borns)
single-parent families definition
- family system consisting of one caregiver and dependent child(ren)
single-parenting: performance + level of stress graph: 3 segments
- calm
- eustress
- distress
single-parenting graph:
3. distress segment
- if sit within this for too long = reduced information processing, attention, memory, decision making and empathy
single-parenting graph:
what helps people move from distress -> eustress -> calm?
- new strategies, skills and support
single-parenting graph: what kind of strain does divorce cause?
- social
- financial
- emotional
does same-sex parenting
- decreases
- no clear relationship
- increases
- child-parent conflict, gender confusion, emotional problems
- homosexuality, child-parent conflict, cognitive deficits, academic/emotional problems
- positive relationships w/parents, awareness of gender identities, emotional maturity
Same-sex parenting take away message
- little-no evidence of negative/complicated effects on children
- social, emotional, financial and stigma challenges
non-normative family influences: SES
1. low SES effects on family
- neighbourhood safety
- parent = protector + provider instead of teacher (as seen in high SES families)
- economic stress
- role of child = needs protecting + resources, less involved in their own decision making
homelessness in Australia:
- 2016 ABS
- 2016-17 AIHW
- 116,427
2. 288,273
causes of homelessness in Australia
- 24% - domestic violence
- 20% - financial issues
- 16% - housing crisis
- 11% - inappropriate dwellings
- 8% - other relationship issues
implications of homelessness for children
common issues
- health
- nutrition
- social development
- mental health
- education
- discrimination & stigma
takeaway message: homelessness
- can ha e substantial impact on children’s social, emotional, academic and physical development
- is heterogeneous (diverse in its nature e.g unfit housing vs sleeping rough)
why do siblings grow up with different outcomes? (4 reasons)
- genetic differences
- parents are at different life stages during child’s developmental milestones
- individuals interpret & react to the same event in different ways
- children create different worlds for themselves
siblings different outcomes:
1. genetic differences
influences:
predisposition, temperament, vulnerabilities, personality
siblings different outcomes:
2. parents different life stages
different skills, perspectives, motivations & parenting styles at different points in time
siblings different outcomes:
3. individuals react in different ways
children interpret an event using their worldview and personal history
= varied responses to event
siblings different outcomes:
4. different worlds created by child
children shape their world to reflect their developing sense of self and identity
non-normative influences can? (2)
- shift over time to become normative
2. create unique challenges for families as well as opportunities for resilience & growth
