Social and economic issues associated with urban change

Question 1

Growth: (reasons for rise and fall in urban areas)

Answer 1

• access to new resources
• opening up of new markets
• local enterprise
• TNC interest
• government support
• high rates of natural increase
• favourable image and popular perception
• net-in migration

Question 2

Decline: (reasons for rise and fall in urban areas)

Answer 2

• natural disaster
• change in physical geography
• exhaustion of local resources
• de-industrialisation
• net out migration
• fall in natural increase rate
• political/civil unrest

Question 3

issues associated with growth:

Answer 3

• those whose job it is to manage growth fail to appreciate speed and scale
• basics e.g. water, sewage, housing and social services tend to lag
• widening gap of demand and supply

Question 4

issues associated with decline/decay (urban decay spiral) (cycle of poverty)

Answer 4

• declining job opportunities:rise in unemployment
• decline in services
• physical fabric and infrastructure deteriorate
• more enterprising, economically active people move away
• increasing decay
• loss of investment confidence
• poor accommodation
• strain (ill health)
• poor educational facilities
• lacking educational skills
• poverty