Social and economic issues associated with urbanisation

Question 1

Reasons for social segregation ?

Answer 1

Developers and builders tend to build houses on blocks of land with a particular market in mind e.g. ‘affordable housing’ attract poorer groups.

Changing environments as past houses were built for large families in Georgian and Victorian times which are now too small for average size family now.

Ethnic dimension, poor migrants who arrive concentrate in poor areas in the city often clustered into ethnic enclaves

Question 2

What is the measurement for deprivation ?

Answer 2

Index of Multiple Deprivation measuring every neighbourhoods deprivation.

Question 3

What are some ways to reduce poverty and inequality ?

Answer 3

Enforcing a living wage, Schooling beyond primary school level, Supporting low-skilled workers who want to develop their abilities, Access to affordable housing, Greater provision of public transport

Question 4

Why is there greater cultural diversity in cities ?

Answer 4

Largely from immigration as :
Cities offer better employment opportunities, Cities are many first point entries for many immigrants, Established cultural diversity means there are specialist shops and religious centres located there

Question 5

Issues with cultural diversity ?

Answer 5

Can put extra pressure on already stretched urban services, Language differences, Hospitals and schools may need to cater for specific environments,

Question 6

What does the term ‘ghetto’ mean ?

Answer 6

American term to describe an area of a city where the population is almost exclusively made up of an ethnic or cultural minority

Question 7

Self-segregation and external factors reasons for ethnic segregation in cities ?

Answer 7

Self segregation - Provision for specialist facilities like food shops and places of worship, Protection against racial abuse.

External factors - Traditionally migrants have been a cheap source of income, Hostility from the majority of population