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CPCE/NCE > Social and Cultural Diversity > Flashcards

Social and Cultural Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What ACA division deals explicitly with Social and Cultural Diversity?

A

Association for Mutlicultural Counseling and Development (AMCD)

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2
Q

Multicultural counseling is AKA

A

the Fourth Force of Counseling

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3
Q

Term often used to suggest that a minority cultural group will keep their own unique cultural values, yet they still participate in the wider or dominant culture.

A

Cultural Pluralism

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4
Q

REVIEW: Counseling a client from a different social and/or cultural background is known as
a. cross-cultural counseling.
b. multicultural counseling.
c. intercultural counseling
D. all of the above

A
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5
Q

the father of transactional analysis

A

Eric Berne

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6
Q

Author of “Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego”

A

Freud

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7
Q

One of the founders of modern sociology …

A

Emile Durkheim

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8
Q

Author of “Rules of Sociological Method”

A

Durkheim

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9
Q

Author of “Suicide”

A

Durkheim

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10
Q

Who is said to have taken group phenomena beyond the
armchair-speculation stage into formal research?

A

Durkheim

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11
Q

Father of hormic psychology, Darwinian viewpoint which suggested that individuals in or out of groups are driven by innate, inherited tendencies

A

William McDougall

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12
Q

Author of “Introduction to Social Psychology”

A

William McDougall (eugenicist; instinct theorist)

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13
Q

Two proponents of “innate aggression theory”

A

Freud and Lorenz (tropical fish)

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14
Q

________________ proposed a controversial stage-crisis view theory with several major life transitions

A

David Levinson

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15
Q

wrote the 1978 classic “Seasons of a Man’s Life” and the 1997 sequel “Seasons of a Woman’s Life”

A

David Levinson

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16
Q

Social psychologists refer to the tendency for people who are in close proximity (say working at the same office or living close) to be attracted to each other as …

A

propinquity

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17
Q

Arthur Jensen’s views on IQ testing (also known as
Jensenism) was geared toward proving …

A

African Americans have lower IQ due to genetics

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18
Q

Name associated with the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment

A

Philip Zimbardo

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19
Q

authors of hypothesis that asserts that frustration leads to aggression

A

Dollard/Miller

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20
Q

the father of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

Albert Ellis

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21
Q

A popular cognitive consistency or balance theory in social psychology is ________ cognitive dissonance theory.

A

Leon Festinger’s

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22
Q

Author “Choosing a Vocation”

A

Frank Parsons

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23
Q

the father of rational behavior therapy (RBT)

A

Maxie Maultsby

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24
Q

Name a major figure in career construction theory
relying on narrative therapy

A

Mark Savickas

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25
Q

Biological similarities and sameness are indicated by …

A

universal culture (Vontress; we are all part of a universal
culture)

26
Q

REVIEW: Anne Fernald of Stanford University discovered that by age 2 there can be a six-month language gap between children who are living in poverty (AKA SES) and
those who are not.

A
27
Q

1920s, who created social distance scale

A

Emory Bogardus

28
Q

Researchers associated with “foot-in-door” technique

A

Freedman & Fraser

29
Q

Term has been used to describe children raised primarily in a culture that is different than their parents’ culture during their formative years

A

Third-Culture Kid (TCK)

30
Q

REVIEW: Cultures operate within societies; however, all members of a given society may not share the same culture.

A
31
Q

A term that suggests that ethnic and racial minorities
integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the
majority or dominant culture

A

Acculturation

32
Q

when the a person becomes part of the dominant, macro, or majority culture

A

Assimilation

33
Q

Theory that postulates that a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs.

A

Social Exchange Theory

34
Q

Theory that postulates that a relationship becomes stronger as the two people’s personality needs mesh.

A

Complementarity Theory

35
Q

Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with___________ and ___________

A

Cognition and attitude formation

36
Q

Flight – to – Health defense mechanism

A

Assert that the client has improved to rapidly and the real difficulty (i.e., Unconscious conflicts) has not been resolved.

37
Q

Assimilation – contrast theory

A

A client will perceive a counselor’s statement that is somewhat like their own beliefs is even more similar (I.e. an assimilation error). They would perceive any dissimilar attitudes as even more dissimilar (i.e., a contrast error)

38
Q

emic - etic distinction who

A

J. G. Draguns

39
Q

Emic =

A

An insiders perception of the culture

Each client is an individual with individual differences

40
Q

Etic =

A

Theory that humans are humans– regardless of backgrounds and culture – thus the same theories and techniques can be applied to any client. The counselor helps.

41
Q

Autoplastic view

A

Change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors

42
Q

Alloplastic view

A

The client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in the environment

43
Q

When the client rapidly shifts their emotional attitude towards the counselor based on learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past, this is called…

A

Ambivalent transference

44
Q

Personalism

A

All people must adjust to environmental and geological demands. Implies that the counselor will make the best progress if they see the client primarily as a person who has learned a set of survival skills rather than a diseased patient

45
Q

Floyd Henry Allport = ? Concept

A

Social facilitation

46
Q

According to this theory, an individual who is given the task of memorizing a list of numbers will perform better if he or she is part of a group

A

Social facilitation

47
Q

Books by two authors helped introduce social psychology to America

A

William McDougall, introduction to social psychology

Edward Alsworth Ross, social psychology

48
Q

hormic psychology

A

William McDougall

49
Q

Hormic psychology (McDougall)

A

Individual as well as group behavior as the result of inherited tendencies to see goals

50
Q

Cognitive theory of hypnotism

A

T. X. Barber

51
Q

Andrew Salter, known for (2) things

A

1) Pioneer and behavior therapy creating a paradigm dubbed conditioned reflex therapy

2) behavioristic theory of hypnosis and autohypnosis

52
Q

The need to affiliate is highest in first born children but diminishes in later born children

A

Stanley Schachter

53
Q

Approach – approach conflict
Approach - avoidance conflict

Etc is attribute to whom?

A

Kurt Lewin

54
Q

Congruity theory (2 theorists)

A

Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum

55
Q

Robbers’ cave experiment

A

Sherif et al

56
Q

Finding of the Robbers’ Cave Experiment…

A

The most effective way to reduce hostility between groups was to give them an alternative, a super ordinate goal, which required a joint effort and could not be accomplished by a single group

57
Q

Asch Situation

Asch & Sherif

A

Social conformity (sellout)

58
Q

Stanford prison experiment demonstrated that…

A

People conform to social roles

59
Q

Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with what two things?

A

Cognition and attitude formation

60
Q

Assimilation – contrast theory

A

A client will perceive a counselor statement that is somewhat like their own belief even more similar (i.e., an assimilation error).

A client will perceive a counselor’s dissimilar attitudes as even more dissimilar (i.e., a contrast error)

61
Q

According to congruity theory, a client will accept suggestions more readily if…

A

The client likes the counselor

62
Q

In terms of research related to affiliation the following three things are true

A

1) misery, loves miserable company

2) firstborns are more likely to affiliate than other children born later

3) people affiliate in an attempt to lower fear

CPCE/NCE (9 decks)

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