Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior Flashcards
Types of Schema
Person, Self, Role, Event
Correspondent Inference Theory
Jones and Davis (1965): People identify explanations of people’s personal characteristics from their behavior
Covariation Model of Attribution
Kelley (1972) We assess similarities (covariation) across situations to help make causal attributions
Weiner (1985) theory on achievement attributions
3 dimensions of attributions: stable and unstable; internal and external; controllable and uncontrollable
Impression formation
Primacy effect of first impression. Three tactics: self-promotion, self-monitoring, self-handicapping (verbal or behavioral)
Factors that influence attraction
Physical attractiveness, proximity, similarity, reciprocity, self-disclosure, reinforcement
Gain-loss theory
Attraction is maximized when an individual’s evaluation of a person is at first negative and then changes to positive
Social exchange theory
Attraction occurs when relationship’s rewards exceed its costs and when the rewards and costs are reciprocal.
Equity theory
Perceptions of equity in a relationship are more important that the magnitude of costs and rewards
Motivations of altruism
Benefit to self (egoism), benefit to other (altruism). benefit to group (collectivism), moral principal (principlism).
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
Altruism is evoked by desire to help someone who is suffering.
Causes of bystander apathy
Diffusion of responsibility
Latane and Darley (1970): social comparison and evaluation apprehension
Allport (1954) causes of intergroup prejudice
Prejudice arises from combination of historical, cultural, economic, cognitive, and personality factors
Kellman: 3 effects of social influence on behavior/forms of compliance
compliance, identification, internalization
Reactance
Person feels his or her choices or altneratives are being taken away or limited and the reaction is opposite of what is desired