Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards
Transcortical sensory aphasia
Similar to Wernike’s aphasia (fluent aphasia with comprehension difficulty), but person can repeat sentences. Lesion is between the parietal and temporal lobes.
Broca’s aphasia
AKA motor or expressive aphasia. Damage is to the left frontal lobe. Speech is effortful and repetition is impaired.
Transcortical motor aphasia
Similar to Broca’s aphasia, but person can repeat others’ speech. Damage is typically in the left frontal areas surrounding Broka’s area.
Conduction aphasia
Person can speak normally and comprehend speech. Sole deficit in repetition of others’ speech. Results from disconnection of expressive and receptive speech areas.
Anomic aphasia
Deficit in naming objects
Pseudodementia
Dementia like presentation brought on by psychiatric illness (mostly depression)
Mild cognitive impairment
At least a single cognitive domain is impaired to a greater extent than normal aging. No significant changes in everyday functional abilities.
Postconcussion syndrome
Symptoms longer than a few days, but typically resolve within 3 months. Include fatigue, headaches, dizziness, nausea, anxiety, depressed affect, irritability, attention/concentration difficulty, diminished STM, etc.
Delirium
Acute confusional state, not associated with dementia. Onset is abrupt, often with difficulty sustaining attention. May have difficulties with memory, language, perception, etc.
Alzheimer’s disease
Highest cause of dementia, accounts for 65% of cases
Pick’s disease
Frontotemporal dementia
Akathisia
Motor restlessness characterized by muscular quivering and the inability to sit still, often a result of chronic ingestion of neuroleptic drugs.
Apraxia
Inability to perform motor acts despite intact comprehension and motor function.
Agnosia
Inability to recognize familiar objects
Athetosis
A constant succession of slow, writhing, involuntary movements of flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of fingers and hands, and sometimes of toes and feet
Anomia
Aphasia that is characterized by the impaired ability to recall the names of persons and things (also called nominal aphasia)
Ataxia
Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement
Alogia
The inability to speak because of mental deficiency, mental confusion, or aphasia (i.e., poverty of thought and speech)
Agraphia
A form of aphasia characterized by loss of the ability to write
Alexia
Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning of written or printed words and sentences
Alzheimer’s Stage 1 (1-3yrs)
- anterograde amnesia, esp for declarative mem
- visuospatial deficits (wandering)
- indifference, irritability, sadness
Alzheimer’s Stage 2 (2 to 10yrs)
- Retrograde amnesia
- flat or labile mood
- restlessness/agitation
- delusions
- ideomotor apraxia (difficulty translating an idea into movement)
Alzheimer’s Stage 3 (8-12 years)
- Severely impaired IQ fx
- apathy
- limb rigidity
- incontinence
Alzheimer’s: duration from onset to death is?
8-10 years
Alzheimer’s more common in…
- Women
- Lower education level
- late onset (after 65) is more common
Etiology of Alzheimer’s
- early onset assoc with abnormalities on chrom 21
- late onset assoc with abnormalities on chrom 19
- aluminum deposits in brain
- beta amyloid plaques
- poor immune system
- low ACH
Vascular dementia
- cog impairment AND neurological signs
- stepwise fluct course
- if due to stroke, most improvements in 1st six months and physical sx improve quicker than cog
dementia due to Parkinsons
- bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
- rigidity
- resting tremor
- mask-like facial expression -pill rolling
- loss of coordination & balance
- akathesia (restlessness)