DSM-5 Flashcards
Schizophreniform D/O
- less than six months of sx
- impaired soc/occup fx not required
- 2/3rds eventually develop schizophrenia
Manic episode
1 week or longer
Hypomanic episode
At least 4 days
- Not marked impairment
- absence of psychosis
- often increase in creativity, efficiency
Mixed episode
- At least one week
- rapid altering sx of manic and depressive episodes
- either poor functioning or psychosis
Postpartum depression
- 10-20% of women experience sx severe enough to warrant MDD after birth
- 1/500 to 1/1000 develop depressive psychosis that may involve delusions re the newborn
Gender and Depression
- rates equal in children
- rate twice as high for women in adolescence and adulthood
depression in children
- irritability, social withdrawal, and somatic sx
- preadolescents (esp boys) may exhibit aggressiveness and destructiveness
Duration of depression
- Untreated, sx usu last 6 months
- 20-30% of cases, some sx remain for months to years
- 50% of cases, person experiences more than 1 episode
idolamine hypothesis
dep related to low serotonin
Genetic Factors most consistently linked to which disorder?
Bipolar Disorder
- Identical Twins: 65%
- Fraternal Twins: 14%
Cyclothymic disorder
fluctuating hypomanic sx and numerous periods of depressive symptoms
- Depressive sx not severe enough for MDD
- Hypomanic sx not severe enough for hypomanic episode
- Duration: 2 yrs in adults, 1 yr in kids
Bipolar II
- At least one depressive episode and one hypomanic episode
- Never had Manic or Mixed Episode
- More common in men
suicide risk increases dramatically in adolescents if they have:
conduct disorder, substance abuse, or ADHD
Most effective meds for atypical depression
SSRIs and MAOIs
GAD and comorbidity
- GAD has the highest comorbidity rates of all anx d/os
- 80% have at least one other anx or mood disorder
Panic disorder
- must have at least 2 unexpected attacks (with one being followed by 1 month of concern over having another, worry re: implications of another, or beh changes due to attack)
- 33-50% have agoraphobia
- of the anxiety disorders, GAD most likely to occur w
Bipolar I
- One or more manic OR mixed episodes
- May or may not have had depressive episodes
- Equally common in males and females
brain damage (especially left hemisphere damage) is suggested when
Verbal IQ is significantly lower than performance IQ
Prader-Willi
- caused by chromosomal deletion (part of a chromosome is missing)
- can cause intellectual disability and obesity
Most common known cause of intellectual disability?
early alterations in embryonic development
PKU
- rare recessive gene syndrome
- detected by blood test at birth
- if untx, irreversible mod to profound ID
- unable to metabolize phenyl found in high protein foods
Down syndrome
- extra chromosome (trisomoy 21)
- causes 10-30% of mod to sev intellectual disability cases
- high risk for alzheimer’s
- often have heart lesions, repiratory defects, intestinal defects, cataracts
Specific learning disability
- IQs usu in ave to above ave range
- Most frequent comorbid disorder is ADHD (20-30% have)
- high risk for antisocial beh
- 1/3 of ppl w/reading d/os have psychosocial problems as adults
Stuttering
- usu begins btw ages 2-7
- 3 times more common in males
- 60% of cases remit by age 16
- tx: elim stress in home, lowered demands overall, habit reversal (breathing, social supp, awareness training)
Reactive Attachment Disorder
infant or young child doesn’t establish healthy attachments with parents or caregivers.
Unexplained withdrawal, fear, sadness or irritability
Sad and listless appearance
Not seeking comfort or showing no response when comfort is given
Failure to smile
Watching others closely but not engaging in social interaction
Failing to ask for support or assistance
Failure to reach out when picked up
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Somatic symptoms (6 months or longer). Can occur with our without medical diagnosis. Excessive thoughts, feelings, behaviors related to somatic symptoms or associated health concerns.
Conversion Disorder
symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function without recognized neurological or medical cause.
Factitious Disorder
Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deception. Deception is present in absence of obvious external rewards. Can also by Imposed on another.
Sleep terrors
Sleep terror episodes are characterized by an abrupt awakening from sleep that usually begins with a panicky scream or cry. Sleep terror is a type of Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder.
