Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior (12%) Flashcards
Crowding has been linked with a number of negative outcomes, including all of the following except A. Poor performance on simple tasks B. Juvenile delinquency C. Mental health problems D. Poor academic performance
A. Poor performance on simple tasks
Someone who views disability as the result of a loss of opportunities to take part in the normal life of the community likely ascribes to what model of disability A. Medical model B. Market model C. Social model D. Economic model
C. Social model
Empathy is evoked under the following situations except A. Sharing emotions and feelings B. Valuing another's welfare C. Recognizing kinship D. Seeking others who are dissimilar
D. Seeking others who are dissimilar
A conflict that arises when a person must choose between two jobs that both have positive and negative aspects is what type of conflict? A. Double approach-approach B. Approach-approach C. Double approach-avoidance D. Approach-avoidance
C. Double approach-avoidance
Social influence occurs when an individual's attitude, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are affected by the persuasive effect of others. There are many responses. Which type of social influence represents the Milgram effect? A. Conformity B. Obedience C. Compliance D. Power
B. Obedience
In making attributions about behavior, we tend to commit biases and errors. Fundamental attribution error is a common bias that states:
A. The tendency to overvalue personal factors and undervalue situational factors when explaining the behavior of others
B. The tendency to attribute personal factors for success and external factors for failure
C. The tendency to attribute personal factors to others’ failure and situational factors to personal failure
D. The tendency to undervalue personal factors and overvalue situational factors when explaining others’ behavior
A. The tendency to overvalue personal factors and undervalue situational factors when explaining the behavior of others
The Zimbardo prison experiments represent which type of social influence A. Informational conformity B. Internalization C. Obedience D. Peer pressure
C. Obedience
The effects of crowding are influenced by a number of factors, including all of the following except \_\_\_\_\_ A. Self-esteem B. Age C. Gender D. Culture
B. Age
Research on motivations underlying empathy-induced behavior includes A. Altruistic B. Egoist C. Antisocial D. Both A and B
D. Both A and B
Myers-Briggs type indicators grew out of whose work on personality theory? A. Alder B. Jung C. Rogers D. Kelin
B. Jung
According to Berry's model of acculturation, a person who does not identify with his or her own culture or the majority culture is in what status? A. Assimilation B. Integration C. Marginalization D. Separation
C. Marginalization
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is defined as intolerant, unfair, or negative attitudes toward an individual because of his or her group membership. A. Discrimination B. Stereotyping C. Oppression D. Prejudice
D. Prejudice
Schemas are self-sustaining and exist in the face of contradictory evidence. Research has focused on four types of schemas though there are many types. Which below is not identified as a schema? A. Person B. Event C. Self D. Mental
D. Mental
A person in the pseudoindependent stage of White racial identity is currently _____
A. Developing an awareness of the role of Whites in perpetrating racism
B. Unaware of race and racism
C. Exploring what it means to be White and confronting own biases
D. Attempting to resolve moral dilemmas associated with an awareness of race and racism
A. Developing an awareness of the role of Whites in perpetrating racism
The gain-loss theory of attraction posits that attraction is maximized when the individual's evaluation of a person is at first \_\_\_\_\_\_ and then changes to \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Neutral; positive B. Negative; positive C. Negative; neutral D. Positive; neutral
B. Negative; positive
Which of the following human mating strategies occurs when females compete for access to numerous males, and after mating with one male, leave him and the offspring? A. Monogamy B. Polygyny C. Polyandry D. Short term
C. Polyandry
Attribution theories provide a framework for the important types of information used to assess behavior. One theory describes how people identify explanations of people's personal characteristics from behavioral evidence. This theory is A. Correspondent inference theory B. Covariation model of attribution C. Achievement attribution D. Attribution of harm
A. Correspondent inference theory
A therapist who conceptualizes a client's behavior as the result of learned consequences likely ascribes to which theory of personality? A. Behavioral B. Social cognitive C. Humanistic D. Existential
A. Behavioral
Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality posits that the \_\_\_\_ develops at 4 or 5 years of age to clock the \_\_\_\_ socially unacceptable drives. A. Ego; id's B. Ego; super ego's C. Super ego; ego's D. Super ego; id's
D. Super ego; id’s
Sexual prejudice is correlated with all of the following except A. Older age B. Heterosexual women C. Lower levels of education D. Living in a rural area
B. Heterosexual women
Which of the following is true of low-context communication?
A. It is grounded in the situation
B. It relies heavily on nonverbal cues
C. It is a less unifying form of communication
D. It is more typical of culturally diverse groups in the US
C. It is a less unifying form of communication
According to Berry's (1987) model of acculturation, a woman who withdraws from the dominant culture and accepts her own culture is in what category of acculturation status? A. Marginalization B. Assimilation C. Integration D. Separation
D. Separation
Anxiety \_\_\_\_ desire to affiliate and in anxiety-provoking situations social comparison is a \_\_\_\_\_ potent cause of affiliation than relief from discomfort. A. increases; more B. Increases; less C. Decreases; more D. Decreases; less
A. increases; more
A company that was striving to increase person-organization fit would have the most success by using which of the following strategies?
A. Revising selection process of new employees
B. Increasing financial compensation
C. Increasing medical benefits
D. Adapting a more relaxed work environment
A. Revising selection process of new employees
The belief that an unhealthy style of life stems from self-centered, competitive goals is most consistent with the theory of personality proposed by whom? A. Freud B. Jung C. Rogers D. Adler
D. Adler
The Bobo doll studies demonstrated that aggressive behaviors arise through the observation of others. This research supports which theory of aggression? A. Social learning B. Deindividuation C. Frustration-aggression D. Role adaption
A. Social learning
The tendency of a patient to attribute his past job success to his intelligence, skill, and hard work, and attribute recent failure to situational factors can be described using the A. Actor-observer bias B. Learned helplessness model C. Self-attribution effect D. Self-serving bias
D. Self-serving bias
Which of the following is not consistent with the requirements established by the Americans with Disabilities Act?
A. Employers must make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees
B. Drug tests must be given to all applicants, not just those with disabilities
C. Pre-employment measures must be related to job requirements
D. Disabled persons are considered qualified for a position if they are able to perform the essential functions of the job
B. Drug tests must be given to all applicants, not just those with disabilities
Recent social influence research follows four lines of inquiry. All except which one is included A. Minority influence B. Dynamic social impact C. Persuasion D. Social power
D. Social power
A person who is actively rejecting the dominant culture and holds rigid, positive beliefs about the minority culture is most likely in what stage of racial/culture identity development according to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue? A. Conformity B. Dissonance C. Resistance and immersion D. Introspection
C. Resistance and immersion
Schemas are organized patterns of thought and behavior that help us derive hypotheses about incoming stimuli and provide a sense of prediction and control. Schemas function as ALL of the following except
A. Evaluation- uses information to compare to others
B. Role playing- defines the scripts for how we should behave
C. Identification- helps to categorize information about others
D. Acculturation- defines how others are like you
D. Acculturation- defines how others are like you
Allport (1954) argued that intergroup prejudice arises from a combination of all of the following factors except A. Cultural B. Economic C. Historical D. Geographic
D. Geographic
According to Troiden's mdoel of homosexual identity development, during which stage do individuals begin to align with the homosexual community? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 3 C. Stage 4 D. Stage 5
B. Stage 3
Which of the following is true of strong organizational culture?
A. It can facilitate cultural and other types of change
B. It is correlated with low levels of job commitment
C. It is correlated with high levels of job performance
D. It is correlated with high levels of voluntary job turnover
C. It is correlated with high levels of job performance
According to Cialdini, the propensity to be influenced by another person is increased due to all of the following factors except: A. Authority B. Abundance C. Reciprocity D. Liking
B. Abundance
According to Cross and Vandiver (2001), which stage of identity development is associated with an awareness and interest in developing a Black identity? A. Pre-encounter B. Immersion-emersion C. Internalization D. Encounter
D. Encounter
