Biological Bases of Behavior (12%) Flashcards by Jessica Reno

The person who spontaneously utters the following phrase, "window... break... ball" but who cannot repeat the phrase, "the ball broke the glass window' most likely has which of the following disorders of speech:
A. Wernicke's aphasia
B. Conduction aphasia
C. Transcortical motor aphasia
D. Broca's aphasia

D. Broca’s aphasia

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclics, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) all describe
A. Antipsychotics
B. Antidepressants
C. Anticonvulsants
D. Cognitive enhancing agents

B. Antidepressants

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An impulse traveling away from the cell body of the neuron travels along the
A. Axon
B. Dendrite
C. Soma
D. Terminal button

A. Axon

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The seat of higher cortical functioning is typically associated with the
A. Temporal lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Hippocampus

B. Frontal Lobe

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The primary brain region affected in Huntington's disease is the
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Putamen
C. Substantia nigra
D. Globus pallidus

A. Caudate Nucleus

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\_\_\_\_\_\_ has/have increasingly replaced \_\_\_\_\_\_ for the first-line treatment of chronic anxiety
A. Barbiturates, SSRIs
B. Benzodiazepines, SSRIs
C. SSRIs, benzodiazepines
D. Alcohol, barbiturates

C. SSRIs, benzodiazepines

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The reticular formation and reticular activating system are associated with all of the following functions, EXCEPT
A. Decussation of auditory stimuli
B. Alertness
C. Consciousness
D. Pain

A. Decussation of auditory stimuli

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MRI is preferred over CT (computed tomography) in all of the following scenarios, EXCEPT:
A. The detection of a small tumor
B. The detection of a skull fracture
C. The detection of acute cerebral infarct
D. The detection of white matter abnormalities

B. The detection of a skull fracture

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Which of the following answers correctly pairs the stage of Alzheimer’s disease with the corresponding symptom presentation?
A. Stage 1: aphasia, apraxia, and/or acalculia. Stage 2: agnosia. Stage 3: declines in memory, visuospatial functioning, and language
B. Stage 1: declines in memory, visuospatial functioning, and language. Stage 2: aphasia, apraxia, and/or acalculia. Stage 3: Impaired intellectual functioning and minimal verbal output
C. Stage 1: declines in memory, visuospatial functioning, and language. Stage 2: aphasia, apraxia, and/or acalculia. Stage 3: agnosia.
D. Stage 1: Impaired intellectual functioning and minimal verbal output. Stage 2: Minimal verbal output. Stage 3: declines in memory, visuospatial functioning, and language.

B. Stage 1: declines in memory, visuospatial functioning, and language. Stage 2: aphasia, apraxia, and/or acalculia. Stage 3: Impaired intellectual functioning and minimal verbal output

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the primary function of the myelin sheath is to:
A. Increase the strength of the nerve impulse
B. Determine whether the postsynaptic neuronal response is excitation or inhibition
C. Determine whether the postsynaptic nerve will fire an action potential
D. Increase the speed of neuronal firing

D. Increase the speed of neuronal firing

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Cardiac/autonomic, severe anticholinergic, and neurobehavioral are types of side effects of
A. TCAs
B. Anticonvulsants
C. SSRIs
D. Anxiolytics

A. TCAs

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The process by which incoming stimuli cross over and are transmitted to the contralateral hemisphere is known as
A. Myelination
B. Differentiation
C. Propagation
D. Decussation

D. Decussation

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Fatal agranulocytosis is a side effect of
A. Clozapine (Clozaril)
B. Alprazolam (Xanax)
C. Dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
D. Buspirone (BuSpar)

A. Clozapine (clozaril)

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Which of the following is NOT a protective covering of the brain?
A. Arachnoid
B. Sphenoid
C. Dura
D. Pia
E. C and B

B. Sphenoid

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As part of the limbic system, the hippocampus is most often associated with
A. Memory formation and transfer to longer-term storage
B. The regulation of emotional responses to the environment
C. Relaying of sensory information to primary processing regions
D. Hunger

A. Memory formation and transfer to longer-term storage

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A lateralized lesion in this lobe of the cerebrum will result in hemisensory loss
A. Frontal lobe
B. Temporal lobe
C. Parietal lobe
D. Occipital lobe

C. Parietal lobe

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The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
A. Maintains balance and coordination
B. Relays visual information to the occipital lobe
C. Processes auditory information
D. Secretes cerebral spinal fluid

B. Relays visual information to the occipital lobe

SSRIs are used to treat
A. Anxiety
B. Depression
C. Anxiety and depression
D. Psychosis

C. Anxiety and depression

Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Delirium is marked by an abrupt onset and fluctuating course
B. The hallmark feature of a delirium state is impaired attention
C. Delirium is relatively uncommon among patients hospitalized for nonneurological conditions
D. Delirium can be caused by prescription medications, toxin exposure, or metabolic disturbance

C. Delirium is relatively uncommon among patients hospitalized for nonneurological conditions

Typically located in the language-dominant hemisphere, \_\_\_\_\_ is a secondary processing region dedicated to the comprehension of language
A. The parastriate region
B. Broca's area
C. The orbitofrontal cortex
D. Wernicke's area

D. Wernicke’s area

Your patient is a 7-year-old child. His mother reports that he frequently exhibits staring spells during which he is unresponsive. These spells last several seconds, and he subsequently appears lethargic. The first diagnostic tool you should recommend is
A. A WADA test
B. The Glasgow Coma Scale
C. An EEG
D. A neuroangiogram

C. An EEG

An acute intracranial hemorrhage will appear \_\_\_\_\_\_ on a CT scan, which is often referred to as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A. White/hyperdensity
B. White/hypodensity
C. Black/hyperdensity
D. Black/hypodensity

A. White/hyperdensity

A person who has difficulty performing a purposeful skilled movement, such as opening a door with a key, despite having intact motor and sensory functioning, most likely has whcih of the following disorders
A. Transcortical motor aphasia
B. Apraxia
C. Pure alexia
D. Agraphia

B. Apraxia

Personality changes and executive dysfunction are primary features of which following disease?
A. Parkinson's disease
B. Alzheimer's disease
C. Huntington's disease
D. Pick's disease

D. Pick’s disease

The classic triad of symptoms in Parkinson's disease is A. Tremor, executive dysfunction, and rigidity B. Tremor, rigidity, and gait imbalance C. Tremor, gait imbalance, and paresis D. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia

D. Tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia

``` Benzodiazepines must be used cautiously as A. They are expensive B. They can lead to dependence C. They can cause agranulocytosis D. There is never a use for them ```

B. They can lead to dependence

An agonist is A. A drug that cannot produce 100% of the biological response B. A drug that has no effect C. Another name for antianxiety medication D. A drug that binds to a receptor producing a change in activity

D. A drug that binds to a receptor producing a change in activity

``` Multiple sensory modalities are integrated in cortical regions known as A. The parietal lobes B. The midbrain C. The heteromodal cortex D. The falx cerebri ```

C. The heteromodal cortex

``` Which of the following are regions of sensory processing? A. Occipital lobe B. Thalamus C. Temporal lobe D. A and B E. A and C ```

E. A and C

``` A stroke that affects the posterior region of the corpus callosum, thus disconnecting the visual centers of the brain from the language centers of the brain, may result in this syndrome: A. Agraphia without alexia B. Alexia without agraphia C. Aphasia D. APraxia ```

B. Alexia without agraphia

``` a drug known for having a narrow therapeutic index is A. Lithium B. Ambien C. Cymbalta D. Concerta ```

A. Lithium

``` Cerebral Spinal fluid is secreted by the A. Third ventricle B. Basal ganlia C. Choroid plexus D. Pia mater ```

C. Choroid plexus

Pharmacokinetics refers to A. How the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, and elimination and metabolism B. A drug's mechanism of action C. Amino acids, biogenic amines, and peptides D. How a drug brings about unwanted side effects

A. How the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, and elimination and metabolism

``` Barbiturates are A. Essentially replaced by other psychotropic medications, including benzodiazepines B. Sleep medication C. Antidepressants D. Cogntivie enhancing drugs ```

A. Essentially replaced by other psychotropic medications, including benzodiazepines

``` The role of mirror neurons has been associated with A. Empathy B. Primary visual processing C. Hand-eye coordination D. Imitation E. A and D ```

E. A and D

``` SAMe is A. An alternative remedy for depression B. An antipsychotic C. A stimulant D. A cognitive enhancing drug ```

A. An alternative remedy for depression

``` The primary site of brain deterioration in Alzheimer's dementia is usually the A. Medial temporal lobe B. Medial parietal lobe C. Frontal-temporal lobes D. Temporal-parietal lobes ```

A. Medial temporal lobe

``` A seizure that is due to abnormal electrical activity in the left temporal lobe and is characterized by an alteration in consciousness and repetitive movements such as lip smacking or undoing a button would most likely be referred to as what type of seizure A. Absence seizure B. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure C. Complex partial seizure D. Simple partial seizure ```

C. Complex partial seizure

``` Which of the following structure is NOT considered part of the basal ganglia? A. Global Pallidus B. Pineal C. Subthalamic nucleus D. Putamen ```

B. Pineal

``` All of the following may occur following damage to the basal ganglia, EXCEPT A. Bradykinesia B. Rigidity C. Paralysis D. Tremor ```

C. Paralysis

``` The telencephalon, or cerebrum, includes which of the following structures? A. Frontal lobes B. Occipital lobes C. Pons D. A, B, and C E. A and B ```

E. A and B