Social action and education

Question 1

what do inside school explanations explain

Answer 1

differences in educational achievement in terms of social processes operating within schools

Question 2

What do social action theorists claim

Answer 2

educational failure/success is determined by the hidden curriculum

Question 3

what is the hidden curriculum

Answer 3

the informal education that takes place in schools

Question 4

what does the hidden curriculum provide in schools

Answer 4

culture, relationships, display material, assemblies, way school is organised and work experience

Question 5

what does it mean to label someone

Answer 5

attaching a meaning or definition to them

Question 6

what do teachers label students on the basis of

Answer 6

stereotyped assumptions about their class background

Question 7

what are 3 characteristics of interactionism

Answer 7

micro theory, small scale interaction, qualitative data

Question 8

what did Becker study about labelling

Answer 8

interviewed 60 Chicago pupils and found that teachers label pupils on how closely they fitted the image of an “ideal pupil”

Question 9

6 ways teachers label pupils

Answer 9

how they dress, talk, how helpful they are, how enthusiastic they are, level of co - operation and relationship with other pupils

Question 10

what do Cicourel and Kitsuse’s study about labelling

Answer 10

disadvantage working class students

Question 11

What does Rist study about labelling in primary schools

Answer 11

teachers used information about a childs home background and appearance to base them into separate groups

Question 12

what is the name of the 2 separate groups Rist studies children are put into

Answer 12

Fast learners / tigers - middle class
Cardinals / clowns - working class

Question 13

What does Keddie study about labelling in primary schools

Answer 13

those in dominant positions have the power to label some knowledge as inferior or superior to others

Question 14

What do Gilbourn and Youdell study about labelling in primary schools

Answer 14

schools use nations of ability to decide which pupils have the potential to achieve five A- C grade Gcse’s

Question 15

what is a pupil subculture

Answer 15

group of student who share similar patterns of behaviour and values

Question 16

what does Lacey study about pupil subcultures

Answer 16

play a part in creating class differences in achievement

Question 17

what is the meaning of differentiation

Answer 17

teachers categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability (streaming)

Question 17

What is the meaning of polarisation

Answer 17

process people respond to streaming to create pro or anti school subcultures

Question 17

What does woods study about pupils subcultures

Answer 17

identified 8 different responses to school ranging from compliance to rebellious

Question 18

Who’s study did Woods criticise

Answer 18

Lacey’s

Question 19

What is self - fulfilling prophecy

Answer 19

a prediction that comes true by virtue of it having been made

Question 20

What does the teacher label a pupil based on in self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

class background

Question 21

what does the pupil internalise with self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 21

the teachers expectation of them

Question 22

what do Rosenthal and Jacobson study about self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 22

teacher expectations of which class contained the most able students was soon transmitted to the students through body language, attention and encouragement

Question 23

what is streaming

Answer 23

separating students into different ability groups of classes called streams

Question 24

what does Becker study about streaming

Answer 24

teachers don’t see working class as the ideal student so they get placed in lower streams

Question 25

what do students in lower streams do

Answer 25

live up to their teachers low expectations and underachieving

Question 26

what has the labelling theory been criticised for

Answer 26

being too deterministic as not all students who are labelled fulfil their prophecy

Question 27

what does Willis say about inside school explanations as a Neo Marxist

Answer 27

highly critical of them as they stem out of working class cultures rather than processes operation inside the school

Question 28

what does Bourdieu study about habitus

Answer 28

linked to concept of cultural capital, middle class habitus = middle class advantage

Question 29

what is habitus

Answer 29

way of thinking, being and acting are shared by a certain social class

Question 30

what is symbolic capital

Answer 30

middle class pupils who have been socialised with certain tastes or preferences

Question 31

what is symbolic violence

Answer 31

reproducing the class structure by keeping working class in their place

Question 32

what are nike identities

Answer 32

alternative of status and value for working class

Question 33

what does Archer study about pupil class identities and the school

Answer 33

working class would have to change how they talk and present themselves to be successsful

Question 34

what does Ingram study about working class identity and education failure

Answer 34

having a working class identity was inseparable from belonging to a working class locality so most working class boys end up at their local secondary school