Social action and education Flashcards
what do inside school explanations explain
differences in educational achievement in terms of social processes operating within schools
What do social action theorists claim
educational failure/success is determined by the hidden curriculum
what is the hidden curriculum
the informal education that takes place in schools
what does the hidden curriculum provide in schools
culture, relationships, display material, assemblies, way school is organised and work experience
what does it mean to label someone
attaching a meaning or definition to them
what do teachers label students on the basis of
stereotyped assumptions about their class background
what are 3 characteristics of interactionism
micro theory, small scale interaction, qualitative data
what did Becker study about labelling
interviewed 60 Chicago pupils and found that teachers label pupils on how closely they fitted the image of an “ideal pupil”
6 ways teachers label pupils
how they dress, talk, how helpful they are, how enthusiastic they are, level of co - operation and relationship with other pupils
what do Cicourel and Kitsuse’s study about labelling
disadvantage working class students
What does Rist study about labelling in primary schools
teachers used information about a childs home background and appearance to base them into separate groups
what is the name of the 2 separate groups Rist studies children are put into
Fast learners / tigers - middle class
Cardinals / clowns - working class
What does Keddie study about labelling in primary schools
those in dominant positions have the power to label some knowledge as inferior or superior to others
What do Gilbourn and Youdell study about labelling in primary schools
schools use nations of ability to decide which pupils have the potential to achieve five A- C grade Gcse’s
what is a pupil subculture
group of student who share similar patterns of behaviour and values
what does Lacey study about pupil subcultures
play a part in creating class differences in achievement
what is the meaning of differentiation
teachers categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability (streaming)
What is the meaning of polarisation
process people respond to streaming to create pro or anti school subcultures
What does woods study about pupils subcultures
identified 8 different responses to school ranging from compliance to rebellious
Who’s study did Woods criticise
Lacey’s
What is self - fulfilling prophecy
a prediction that comes true by virtue of it having been made
What does the teacher label a pupil based on in self fulfilling prophecy
class background
what does the pupil internalise with self fulfilling prophecy
the teachers expectation of them
what do Rosenthal and Jacobson study about self fulfilling prophecy
teacher expectations of which class contained the most able students was soon transmitted to the students through body language, attention and encouragement
what is streaming
separating students into different ability groups of classes called streams
what does Becker study about streaming
teachers don’t see working class as the ideal student so they get placed in lower streams
what do students in lower streams do
live up to their teachers low expectations and underachieving
what has the labelling theory been criticised for
being too deterministic as not all students who are labelled fulfil their prophecy
what does Willis say about inside school explanations as a Neo Marxist
highly critical of them as they stem out of working class cultures rather than processes operation inside the school
what does Bourdieu study about habitus
linked to concept of cultural capital, middle class habitus = middle class advantage
what is habitus
way of thinking, being and acting are shared by a certain social class
what is symbolic capital
middle class pupils who have been socialised with certain tastes or preferences
what is symbolic violence
reproducing the class structure by keeping working class in their place
what are nike identities
alternative of status and value for working class
what does Archer study about pupil class identities and the school
working class would have to change how they talk and present themselves to be successsful
what does Ingram study about working class identity and education failure
having a working class identity was inseparable from belonging to a working class locality so most working class boys end up at their local secondary school
