Social Flashcards
Bocchiaro - background
Achieve a greater understanding about the nurture of disobedience
Bocchiaro - research methods
Lab experiment
Bocchiaro - Pilot studies
8 pilot tests - procedure was creditable and morally acceptable to the participants
Bocchiaro- sample
149 undergraduate students from Vu university in Amsterdam - 96 female , 53 male - mean age 20
Bocchiaro- procedure - room 1
Male Dutch experimenter
Participants asked to provide few names of fellow students
Cover - sensory deprivation
3 mins to analyse
Bocchiaro- procedure - room 2
Asked to write an enthusiastic statement -at least 2 adjectives-exciting ,incredible,great or Superb-cannot mention the negative effects of sensory deprivation
Mailbox and research vomited form - ethical
7 mins to write statement
Bocchiaro- procedure- follow up - room 1
2 personality tests -Hexaco , social value orientation
Given full debrief
Bocchiaro-findings
Obedient -76.5%
Disobedient-14.1%
Whistleblower-9.4% -open - 3.4% - anonymous - 6%
Bocchiaro- personality results
Results suggest a tend to whistleblowers having more faith than obedient or disobedient participants
Bocchiaro- conclusion
Vagabond in a moral manner is challenging for people
Levine - background
Different countries have found that people living in urban areas tend to be less helpful than those in rural settings
Levine - aims
To see if the tendency of people within a city to offer non -emergent help to a stranger was stable across different situations with people in need
To see if helping of strangers varies across cultures
Levine -procedure
All experimenters - male , college age - trained for their role - detailed instructions on how to act and how to score participants- internal students who returned home during the holidays - dropped pen , hurt leg , helping a blind person across the street , discarded tasks
Levine - measure sand how participants were selected
Each helping measure was administered in 2 or more locations - main city centre districts
Summer months - 1 or more years between - 1992 - 1997
Levine - results
Most helpful - Rio de Janeiro- 93.33%
Last helpful- Kulumpar , Malaysia - 40.33%
Levine - conclusion
Negative correlation , purchasing power parity and overall levels of helping
Countries with simpatica tradition on average more helpful than others
Milgram - aim
To investigate what level of obedience participants would go to when asked to deliver electric shocks to someone by an authority figure
Milgram - research methods
Lab experiment and observation
Milgram - study
40 white males from New Haven - aged 20-50 with varying occupations
Responded to news paper ads - self selected
Paid $4.50
Milgram - procedure
The teacher - participant- was seated in a room adjacent to the learner and read over the inter com a series of word - pairs
The teacher then asked the learner to identify the right answers
If the learner got wrong the teacher administered a shock
The experimenters used prods - please continue
All participants were debriefed
Milgram - results
100% went to 300 volts
65% shocked up to 450 volts
Milgram - conclusion
This situation produces extremely strong tendencies to obey
The situation generates extraordinary stress and emotional strain
Pilivan - background
Kitty Genoese - murdered to death over a period of 30 mins in front of 30 responsive witness - allegedly
Piliavan - key terms
Bystander apathy
Diffusion of responsibility
Piliavin - aims/ research questions
They types of victims
The race of victims
The presence of helping models
The size of the witnessing group
Pilivan - IVs
Victims conditions -
I’ll or drunk
White or black
Model conditions - early or late
Critical or adjacent
Piliavin - DVs
Frequency of help
Speed of help
Race of helper
Sex of helper
Verbal comments
Movement of the area - critical or adjacent
Piliavin -procedure
4 teams of students -each made up of a victim , model and 2 observers would board the train - and then approximately 70 seconds into the journey as the train would pass the first station the victim would collapse .Until he received help he would remain lying on the floor
Piliavin - results
The cane victims received spontaneous help 62 of 65 trials - 5 second a and the drunk received help in 19 of the 38 trials - 109 seconds
90% of the spontaneous helpers were male
Slight race bias
Pilivan - sample
4450 participants over 3 months
55% white
45% black
New York subway
