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Winter 2019 > Soci Control Final > Flashcards

Soci Control Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 11 deviant eras, starting from the beginning?

A
  1. Demonic
  2. Classical Revolution
  3. Pathology
  4. Functionalism
  5. Social disorganization
  6. Strain
  7. Cultural Deviance
  8. Social Reaction
  9. Control/conflict
  10. Postmodern
    11: Crisis?
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2
Q

Corresponding sanction to classical revolution

A

Prison

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3
Q

Corresponding sanction to pathology perspective

A

Scientific treatment

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4
Q

Downed and Rock referred to strain theory as equivalent to

A

Big Bang

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5
Q

Sutherland and Cressey - nine understandings of learning theory/differential association

A
  1. Criminal behaviour is LEARNED
  2. Criminal behaviour is learned through INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION
  3. Learning criminal behaviour is INTIMATE
  4. When criminal behaviour is learned, it includes TECHNIQUES AND MOTIVES
  5. LEGAL CODES/CONVENTIONAL NORMS motivate by being favourable or unfavourable
  6. Deviance comes from EXCESS in favourable in violation of law
  7. Differential associations may vary in FREQUENCY, DURATION, PRIORITY AND INTENSITY
  8. All MECHANISMS for any learning are in criminal learning
  9. Expression of general NEEDS AND VALUES
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6
Q

3 components of Kornhauser’s criticism of learning theory

A
  1. Wo/man has no nature
  2. Socialization is perfect and complete
  3. Sub/cultural variability is unlimited
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7
Q

The tension between “monkey see monkey do” and “birds of a feather flock together” are present in what theory?

A

Learning theory/differential association

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8
Q

Who said “the subculture of delinquency is not a delinquent subculture”

A

Mat a

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9
Q

4 noninvasive techniques to help control deviance according to learning theorists

A
  1. Imitative control
  2. Group and learning
  3. Operant psychology
  4. Aversion therapy
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10
Q

Ex. Of operant psychology

A

Modification techniques

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11
Q

Ex. Of aversion therapy

A

Shock therapy, succinylcholine therapy

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12
Q

4 criticisms of learning theory

A
  1. Deterministic learning
  2. No human nature?
  3. How do we learn?
  4. Defining subcultures - subculture or unhappy deviant people?
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13
Q

What theory is often marginal to criminology because they appear simplistic and perceived as supporting high levels of discipline, regulation and punishment?

A

Control Theory

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14
Q

The central assumption behind control theories

A

That deviance is the result of an absence of control or restraint

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15
Q

Hirschi said the cause of delinquency is the lack of

A

Bonding

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16
Q

Hirschi’s 4 types of bonds to society

A
  1. Attachment - bonds to others
  2. Commitment - one’s stake in conformity
  3. Involvement - in conventional behaviour
  4. Belief - on the law
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17
Q

Control theorist is believe that __________ is constant and _____ is variable

A

Learning/Control

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18
Q

Sutherland (learning theory) believed that _______ is variable and ______ is constant

A

Learning/Control

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19
Q

Who put forth a self control theory of crime and deviance?

A

Gottfredson and Hirschi

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20
Q

Self-control theory says that ______ _________ results in low self control and therefore deviance

A

Poor parenting

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21
Q

Self-control theory suggests that deviance-preventing parenting involves (3)

A
  1. Monitoring behaviour
  2. Recognizing deviant behaviour
  3. Punishing deviant behaviour
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22
Q

3 criticisms of control theory

A
  1. Do not explain why some people become drug users and offenders while others become violent offenders
  2. Few suggestions for reducing crime
  3. Inadequate in explaining why males offend more than females
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23
Q

Characteristics of moral panics include:

A
  1. Concern
  2. Hostility
  3. Consensus
  4. Disproportionality
  5. Volatility
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24
Q

What lead to labelling theory?

A

Civil rights movement leading to labelling conventional people

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25
Q

Labelling theory is also known as the _____________ perspective because of the focus on those with the power to label

A

Social reaction isn’t

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26
Q

_____________ believe there is nothing inherently deviant about non-normative behaviour but there might be something wrong with those who label too easily

A

Labelling theory

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27
Q

Edwin Lemert (1951) argued

A

Deviance is in the eye of the beholder or the crusader

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28
Q

Lemert’s two types of deviance

A

Primary and secondary

29
Q

Common instances where individuals violate the norms without viewing themselves as being involved in the deviant role - can trigger the labeling process

A

Primary deviance

30
Q

Type of deviance where a person engaging in deviant behaviour is doing so out of self defence

A

Secondary deviance

31
Q

6 steps of the labelling process

A
  1. Deviance
  2. Reaction
  3. Role engulfment
  4. Secondary deviance
  5. Stigma
  6. Master status
32
Q

Labeling theorists insist that two things can be done to make society more enjoyrable

A
  1. Decriminalize victimless crimes (pot)

2. Lower restrictive control (youth crime)

33
Q

Who discusses rule creators and rule enforcers?

A

Becker

34
Q

According to Becker, rule creators have a strong desire to…

A

Work on moral crusades

35
Q

Rule enforcers are concerned with

A

The application of rules

36
Q

3 main problems with labeling theory

A
  1. The causal critique
  2. The normative critique
  3. The structural critique
37
Q

Labelling theory is heavily influenced by

A

Symbolic interaction is

38
Q

Neomarxists and conflict theorists believed that labeling theorists largely ignored …..

A

The context of crime and deviance - macro level force of capitalism

39
Q

Who argues that capitalism created the proletariat/bourgeoisie divide?

A

Marx

40
Q

Who owns the means of production?

A

The Bourgoisie

41
Q

The conflict perspective states power in society is derived from

A

Wealth accumulation

42
Q

Which theory aligns most with the perspective that poverty and need cause crime?

A

Conflict Theory

43
Q

Who argues that economic conditions caused crime and that primitive societies require altruism?

A

Willian Bonger

44
Q

Bonger argues that capitalist surplus creates opportunity for

A

Selfishness

45
Q

Chambliss examined _______ _____ in Western Europe

A

Willian Chamblis

46
Q

Chambliss concluded

A

Criminal and deviant labels are largely applied to proletariats

47
Q

Taylor, Walton and Young argue capitalism is based on

A

Explication and oppression

48
Q

Roots of critical criminology

A

Conflict theory and Marxism

49
Q

______ ___________ suggests capitalist societies are best characterized by the struggle and conflict that take place between the powerful and less powerful classes

A

Critical criminology

50
Q

Critical criminology suggests that it is a mistake to assume…

A

That laws reflect socially agreed upon norms and values

51
Q

Critical criminologists believe that the focus of criminology should be directed to…

A

Not only the rule breakers but the rule makers

52
Q

Critical criminology is rooted in the context of

A

Capitalism

53
Q

Law making as a means of protecting bourgeoisie interests in of what theory

A

Critical criminology

54
Q

Critical theories incorporate much of what type of knowledge?

A

Feminist and Marxist

55
Q

According to critical criminology, the hallmark of the age of uncertainty is due to (2)

A
  1. Technological innovation

2. Concentration of wealth

56
Q

Two critical theories

A

Structuralism and postmodernism

57
Q

Structural critical criminologists examine the structure of…

A

Exploitation and oppression

58
Q

Structural critical criminologists maintain that _____ is criminogènes

A

Capitalism

59
Q

The starlight tours is an example used in what theory?

A

Critical criminology

60
Q

5 focuses of postmodernism

A
  1. Meaning as artifact of language
  2. Subjective interpretation
  3. Inequality as partly based in material reality
  4. Power and knowledge
  5. Social change must be based on exposing controlling elements of language
61
Q

Healthy nightclubs had what kind of approach?

A

Healthy settings approach

62
Q

Healthy night clubs argues that _____ impacts higher rates of drug use, such as poor ventilation, passive inhalation

A

Space

63
Q

Tenenbaum argues that early labelling can lead to ….

A

The internalization of that label

64
Q

Mods and Rockers was an example of a ____ _______ proliferated by the media

A

Moral panic

65
Q

Bonger argues that _____ causes crime

A

Capitalism

66
Q

The Implicit Ideology of Criminal Justice argues that inequality is sustained by

A

Force and ideology

67
Q

In Corporate Banality, it is argued that the ________ ____________ impact employees to perpetuate a moral and criminal conduct

A

Corporate structure

68
Q

In Prostitution in South Korea, ___________ helps sustain the ______ status quo

A

Labelling, patriarachal

Winter 2019 (6 decks)

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